2014年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(卷2)
2014年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(卷2)
PartIWriting
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayaboutacoursethathasimpressedyoumostincollege.Youshouldstatethereasonsandwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
PartIIListeningComprehension
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
1.A.Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth.B.Shewaspopularamongboys.
C.Shewassomewhatoverweight.D.Shedidn'tdowellathighschool.
2.A.Attheairport.B.Inarestaurant.
C.Inabookingoffice.D.Atthehotelreception.
3.A.Teachinghersonbyherself.B.Havingconfidenceinherson.
C.Askingtheteacherforextrahelp.D.Tellinghersonnottoworry.
4.A.Haveashortbreak.B.Taketwoweeksoff.
C.Continueherworkoutdoors.D.Goonvacationwiththeman.
5.A.Heistakingcareofhistwinbrother.B.Hehasbeenfeelingillallweek.
C.HeisworriedaboutRod'shealth.D.Hehasbeeninperfectcondition.
6.A.Shesoldallherfurniturebeforeshemovedhouse.
B.Shestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinhernewhouse.
C.Sheplanstoputallheroldfurnitureinthebasement.
D.SheboughtanewsetoffurniturefromItalylastmonth.
7.A.Thewomanwonderedwhythemandidn'treturnthebook.
B.Thewomandoesn'tseemtoknowwhatthebookisabout.
C.Thewomandoesn'tfindthebookusefulanymore.
D.Thewomanforgotlendingthebooktotheman.
8.A.Mostoftheman'sfriendsareathletes.
B.Fewpeoplesharethewoman'sopinion.
C.Themandoesn'tlooklikeasportsman.
D.Thewomandoubtstheman'sathleticability.
Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
9.A.Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags.B.Sheisgoingtogetitattheairport.
C.Shehasprobablyleftitinataxi.D.Sheisafraidthatshehaslostit.
10.A.Itendsinwinter.B.Itwillcostheralot.
C.Itwilllastoneweek.D.Itdependsontheweather.
11.A.Theplaneistakingoffsoon.B.Thetaxiiswaitingforthem.
C.Theremightbeatrafficjam.D.Thereisalotofstufftopack.
12.A.Athome.B.Attheairport.
C.Intheman'scar.D.Bythesideofataxi.
Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
13.A.Sheisthirstyforpromotion.B.Shewantsamuchhighersalary.
C.Sheistiredofherpresentwork.D.Shewantstosavetravelexpenses.
14.A.Translator.B.Travelagent.
C.Languageinstructor.D.Environmentalengineer.
15.A.Livelypersonalityandinquiringmind.B.Communicationskillsandteamspirit.
C.Devotionandworkefficiency.D.Educationandexperience.
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.A.Theycarealotaboutchildren.
B.Theyneedlookingafterintheiroldage.
C.Theywanttoenrichtheirlifeexperience.
D.Theywantchildrentokeepthemcompany.
17.A.Theyareusuallyadoptedfromdistantplaces.
B.Theirbirthinformationisusuallykeptsecret.
C.Theirbirthparentsoftentrytoconcealtheirbirthinformation.
D.Theiradoptiveparentsdon'twantthemtoknowtheirbirthparents.
18.A.Theygenerallyholdbadfeelingstowardstheirbirthparents.
B.Theydonotwanttohurtthefeelingsoftheiradoptiveparents.
C.Theyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalparents.
D.Theyarefullyawareoftheexpensesinvolvedinthesearch.
19.A.Earlyadoptionmakesforcloserparent-childrelationship.
B.Mostpeopleprefertoadoptchildrenfromoverseas.
C.Understandingisthekeytosuccessfuladoption.
D.Adoptionhasmuchtodowithlove.
PassageTwo
Questions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
20.A.Hesufferedfrommentalillness.
B.HeboughtTheWashingtonPost.
C.Heturnedafailingnewspaperintoasuccess.
D.Hewasonceareporterforamajornewspaper.
21.A.ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigU.S.publishingcompany.
B.ShegotherfirstjobasateacherattheUniversityofChicago.
C.Shecommittedsuicidebecauseofhermentaldisorder.
D.Shetookoverherfather'spositionwhenhedied.
22.A.Peoplecametoseetheroleofwomeninthebusinessworld.
B.KatharineplayedamajorpartinreshapingAmericans'mind.
C.AmericanmediawouldbequitedifferentwithoutKatharine.
D.Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheworld.
PassageThree
Questions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
23.A.It'llenablethemtoenjoythebestmedicalcare.
B.It'llallowthemtoreceivefreemedicaltreatment.
C.It'llprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises.
D.It'llpreventthedoctorsfromoverchargingthem.
24.A.Theycan'timmediatelygetbackthemoneypaidfortheirmedicalcost.
B.Theyhavetogothroughverycomplicatedapplicationprocedures.
C.Theycanonlyvisitdoctorswhospeaktheirnativelanguages.
D.Theymaynotbeabletoreceivetimelymedicaltreatment.
25.A.Theydon'thavetopayforthemedicalservices.
B.Theyneedn'tpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce.
C.Theymustsendthereceiptstotheinsurancecompanypromptly.
D.Theyhavetopayamuchhigherpricetogetaninsurancepolicy.
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.
Moreandmoreoftheworld'spopulationarelivingintownsorcities.Thespeedatwhichcitiesaregrowinginthelessdevelopedcountriesis(26).Between1920and1960bigcitiesindevelopedcountriesincreasedtwoandahalftimesinsize,butinotherpartsoftheworldthegrowthwaseighttimestheirsize.
The(27)sizeofgrowthisbadenough,buttherearenowalsoverydisturbingsignsoftroubleinthe(28)ofpercentagesofpeoplelivingintownsandpercentagesofpeopleworkinginindustry.Duringthenineteenthcentury,citiesgrew(29)thegrowthofindustry.InEuropetheproportionofpeoplelivingincitieswasalwayssmallerthanthatoftheworkforceworkinginfactories.Now,however,the(30)isalmostalwaystrueinthenewlyindustrializedworld:thepercentageofpeoplelivingincitiesismuchhigherthanthepercentageworkinginindustry.
Withoutabaseofpeopleworkinginindustry,thesecitiescannot(31)theirgrowth;thereisnotenoughmoneytobuildadequatehousesforthepeoplethatlivethere,(32)thenewarrivals.Therehasbeenlittleopportunitytobuildwatersuppliesorother(33).So,thefiguresforthegrowthoftownsandcities(34)proportionalgrowthofunemploymentandunderemployment,agrowthinthenumberofhopelessand(35)parentsandstarvingchildren.
PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
AsanAlaskanfisherman,TimothyJune,54,usedtothinkthathewassafefromindustrialpollutants(污染物)athishomeinHaines—atownwithapopulationof2,400peopleand4,000eagles,with8millionacresofprotectedwildlandnearby.Butinearly2007,Juneagreedtotakepartina(36)of35Americansfromsevenstates.Itwasabiomonitoringproject,inwhichpeople'sbloodandurine(尿)weretestedfor(37)ofchemicals—inthiscase,threepotentiallydangerousclassesofcompoundsfoundincommonhousehold(38)likefacecream,tincans,andshowercurtains.Theresults—(39)inNovemberinareportcalled"IsItinUs?"byanenvironmentalgroup—wereratherworrying.Everyoneoftheparticipants,(40)fromaminoisstatesenatortoaMassachusettsminister,testedpositiveforallthreeclassesofpollutants.Andwhilethe(41)presenceofthesechemicalsdoesnot(42)indicateahealthrisk,thefactthattypicalAmericanscarrythesechemicalsatall(43)Juneandhisfellowparticipants.
Clearly,therearechemicalsinourbodiesthatdon't(44)there.Alarge,ongoingstudyconductedbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionhasfound148chemicalsinAmericansofallages.
Andin2005,theEnvironmentalWorkingGroupfoundan(45)of200chemicalsinthebloodof10new-borns."Ourbabiesarebeingbornpre-polluted,"saysSharylePattonofCommonweal,whichcosponsored"IsItinUS?""Thisisgoingtobethenextbigenvironmentalissueafterclimatechange."
A.analysesB.averageC.belongD.demonstrated
E.excessF.extendingG.habituallyH.necessarily
I.productsJ.rangingK.releasedL.shocked
M.simpleN.surveyO.traces
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
InHardEconomyforAllAges,OlderIsn'tBetter...It'sBrutal
A.Younggraduatesareindebt,outofworkandontheirparents'couches.Peopleintheir30sand40scan'taffordtobuyhomesorhavechildren.Retireesareearningnear-zerointerestontheirsavings.
B.Inthecurrentlistless(缺乏活力的)economy,everygenerationhasaclaimtohavingbeenmostinjured.ButtheLaborDepartment'slatestjobsreportsandotherrecentdatapresentastrongcaseforcrowningbabyboomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的人)asthegreatestvictimsoftherecessionanditsdreadfulconsequences.
C.TheseAmericansintheir50sandearly60s—thosenearretirementagewhodonotyethaveaccesstoMedicareandSocialSecurity—havelostthemostearningpowerofanyagegroup,withtheirhouseholdincomes10percentbelowwhattheymadewhentherecoverybeganthreeyearsago,accordingtoSentierResearch,adataanalysiscompany.Theirretirementsavingsandhomevaluesfellsharplyattheworstpossibletime:justbeforetheyneededtocashout.Theyaresupportingbothagedparentsandunemployedyoung-adultchildren,earningthemtheunluckynickname"GenerationSqueeze".
D.Newresearchsuggeststhattheymaydiesooner,becausetheirhealth,incomesecurityandmentalwell-beingwerebattered(重创)byrecessionatacrucialtimeintheirlives.ArecentstudybyeconomistsatWellesleyCollegefoundthatpeoplewholosttheirjobsinthefewyearsbeforebecomingqualifiedforSocialSecuritylostuptothreeyearsfromtheirlifeexpectancy(预期寿命),largelybecausetheynolongerhadaccesstoaffordablehealthcare.
E.UnemploymentratesforAmericansnearingretirementarefarlowerthanthoseforyoungpeople,whoarerecentlyoutofschool,withfewerskillsandashorterworkhistory.Butonceoutofajob,olderworkershaveamuchhardertimefindinganotherone.Overthelastyear,theaveragedurationofunemploymentforolderpeoplewas53weeks,comparedwith19weeksforteenagers,accordingtotheLaborDepartment'sjobsreportreleasedonFriday.
F.Thelengthyprocessispartlybecauseolderworkersaremorelikelytohavebeenlaidofffromindustriesthataredownsizing,likemanufacturing.Comparedwiththerestofthepopulation,olderpeoplearealsomorelikelytoowntheirownhomesandbelessmobilethanrenters,whocanmovetonewjobmarkets.
G.Olderworkersaremorelikelytohaveadisabilityofsomesort,perhapslimitingtherangeofjobsthatofferrealisticchoices.Theymayalsobelessinclined,atleastinitially,totakejobsthatpayfarlessthantheiroldpositions.
H.Displacedboomersalsobelievetheyarevictimsofagediscrimination,becauseemployerscaneasilyfindayoung,energeticworkerwhowillacceptlowerpayandwhocanpotentiallystickaroundfordecadesratherthanafewyears.
I.Inasurveyofolderworkerswhowerelaidoffduringtherecession,justoneinsixhadfoundanotherjob,andhalfofthatgrouphadacceptedpaycuts.And14%ofthere-employedsaidthepayintheirnewjobwaslessthanhalfwhattheyearnedintheirpreviousjob."Ijustsaytomyself:'Whyme?WhathaveIdonetodeservethis?'"saidJohnAgati,56,whoselastfull-timejob,asaproductdeveloper,endedfouryearsagowhenhisemployerwentoutofbusiness.Thatpositionpaid$90,000,andhisresumelistsjobsatcompanieslikeAmericanExpress,DisneyandUSANetworks.Sincebeinglaidoff,though,hehasworkedaseriesofpart-time,low-wage,temporarypositions,includingsellingshoesatLord&Taylorandmakingsalescallsforacarcompany.
J.Thelastfewyearshavetakentoilnotonlyonhisfamily'sfinances,butalsoonhisfeelingsofself-worth."Youjustgetsad,"Mr.Agatisaid."Iseepeoplegettingupinthemorning,goingouttotheircareersandgoinghome.IjustwishIwasdoingthat.Somepeopledon'tliketheirjobs,ortheyhaveproblemswiththeirjobs,butatleastthey'reworking.IjustwishIwasintheirshoes."Hesaidhecannotaffordtogobacktoschool,asmanyyoungerpeoplewithoutjobshavedone.Evenifhecouldaffordit,economistssayitisunclearwhetherolderworkerslikehimbenefitmuchfrommoreeducation.
K."Itjustdoesn'tmakesensetoofferretrainingforpeople55andolder,"saidDanielHamermesh,aneconomicsprofessor."Discriminationbyage,long-termunemployment,andthefactthatthey'renowattheendofthehiringqueuejustdon'tmakeitsensibletoinvestinthem."
L.Manydisplacedolderworkersaretakingthismessagetoheartandleavingthelaborforceentirely.TheshareofolderpeopleapplyingforSocialSecurityearlyrosequicklyduringtherecessionaspeoplesoughtwhateverincometheycouldfind.Thepenaltytheywillpayispermanent,asretireeswhotakebenefitsatage62willreceiveasmuchas30%lessineachmonth'scheckfortherestoftheirlivesthantheywouldiftheyhadwaiteduntilfullretirementage(66forthosebornafter1942).
M.ThosenotyetqualifiedforSocialSecurityareincreasinglyapplyingforanother,comparablekindofincomesupportthatoftengoestopeoplewhoexpectnevertoworkagain:disabilitybenefits.Morethanoneineightpeopleintheirlate50sisnowonsomeformoffederaldisabilityinsuranceprogram,accordingtoProfessorMarkDugganattheUniversityofPennsylvania'sWhartonSchool.
N.TheveryoldestAmericans,ofcourse,werebatteredbysomeofthesameillwindsthattormented(折磨)thosenownearingretirement,butatleastthemostseniorwerecushionedbyamorereadilyavailablesocialsafetynet.Moreimportantly,inastatisticaltwist,theymayhaveactuallybenefitedfromthefinancialcrisisinthemostfundamentalway:longerives.
O.Deathratesforpeopleover65havehistoricallyfallenduringrecessions,accordingtoaNovember2011studybyeconomistsattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.Why?Theresearchersarguethatweakjobmarketspushmoreworkersintoacceptingrelativelyundesirableworkatnursinghomes,leadingtobettercareforresidents.
46.Greatermobilityputsyoungerpeopleatanadvantageinseekingnewjobs.
47.Manyoftheolderworkerslaidoffduringtherecessionhadtoacceptlowerpayintheirnewjobs.
48.Thosewholosetheirjobsshortlybeforeretirementageliveashorter-than-averagelife.
49.Seniorsatnursinghomescouldbenefitfromtheweakjobmarket.
50.Agediscriminationinemploymentmakesitpointlessretrainingolderworkers.
51.Accordingtorecentreportsanddataanalyses,boomerssuffermostfromtheweakeconomy.
52.Unemployedboomersareatadisadvantageinjob-huntingbecauseemployerstendtohireyoungerworkers.
53.Peopleintheirfiftiesandearlysixtiesbeartheheaviestfamilyburdens.
54.PeoplewhotakebenefitsfromSocialSecuritybeforeofficialretirementagewillgetmuchlessfortherestoftheirlives.
55.Olderworkers'choiceofjobscanbelimitedbecauseofdisability.
SectionC
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
NewYorkersaregraduallygettingusedtomorepedaling(骑车的)passengersonthoseshiningblueCitiBikes.Butwhataboutlocalbikeshops?IsCitiBikerollingupridersattheirexpense?
AtGothamBikesinTribeca,managerW.Bensaidtheshophasseenanincreaseinitsoverallsalesduetothebike-shareprogram."It'sgettingmorepeopleontheroad,"hesaid.JamesRyan,anemployeeatDanny'sCyclesinGramercyalsosaidCitiBikeisagoodoptionforpeopletoeaseintobikinginacityfamedforitstrafficjamsandaggressivedrivers."Theycantryoutabikewithoutcommittingtobuyingone,"hesaid.
RentalsarenotabigpartofthebusinessateitherGothamBikesorDanny'sCycles.ButforFrank'sBikeShop,asmallbusinessonGrandSt.,thebike-shareprogramhasbeenbadnews.OwnerFrankArroyosaidhisrentalbusinesshasdecreasedby90％sinceCitiBikewasrolledoutlastmonth.Arroyo'smainrentalcustomersareEuropeantourists,whohavesincebeendrawnawaybyCitiBikes.
However,Bensaidthebike-shareisgoodforbikesalesathisshop."Peoplehaveusedthebike-shareandrealizedhowgreatitistobikeinthecityandthendecidethattheywantsomethingnicerforthemselves,"henoted.
ChristianFarrellofWaterfrontBicycleShop,onWestSt.justnorthofChristopherSt.,saidinitiallyhewasconcernedaboutbike-share,though,headmitted,"Iwashappytoseepeopleonbikes."
Farrell'searlyconcernswereechoedbyAndrewCrooks,ownerofNYCVelo,at64SecondAve."Itseemedlikeagreatidea,butonethatwouldbedifficulttoimplement,"CrookssaidofCitiBike.Hesaidheworriedaboutinexperiencedriders'lackofawarenessofbuildingrulesandstrongnegativereactionfromnon-cyclists.However,hesaid,it'sstilltooearlytotellifhisbusinesshasbeenimpacted.
Whileit'spossiblebike-sharewillcauseadropinbusiness,CrooksallowedthattheideaisapositivestepforwardforNewYorkCity.
56.Whatistheauthor'schiefconcernabouttheincreasinguseofCitiBikesinNewYork?
A.Hownon-cyclistswillrespondtoit.
B.Whetherlocalbikeshopswillsuffer.
C.Whetherlocalbikebusinesseswillopposeit.
D.Howthesafetyofbikeriderscanbeensured.
57.WhathappenedtoGothamBikesasaresultofthebike-shareprogram?
A.Itfounditsbikesalesunaffected.
B.Itshifteditsbusinesstorentals.
C.Itsawitsbikesalesontherise.
D.Itrentedmorebikestotourists.
58.Whyisthebike-shareprogrambadnewsforFrank'sBikeShop?
A.Itcannotmeetthedemandofthebike-shareprogram.
B.ItscustomershavebeendrawnawaybyCitiBikes.
C.Itsbikepriceshavetobeloweredagainandagain.
D.Ithastocompetewiththecity'sbikerentalshops.
59.WhydidAndrewCrooksthinkthatthebike-shareprogramwouldbedifficulttoexecute?
A.Inexperiencedridersmightbreakbikingrules.
B.Conflictsmightariseamongbikerentalshops.
C.Trafficconditionsmightworseninthedowntownarea.
D.Therearenotenoughlanestoaccommodatethebikes.
60.WhatisthegeneralattitudeoflocalbikeshopstowardsCitiBike?
A.Wait-and-see.B.Negative.C.Indifferent.D.Approving.
PassageTwo
Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Variousstudieshaveshownthatincreasedspendingoneducationhasnotledtomeasurableimprovementsinlearning.Between1980and2008,staffandteachersatU.S.publicschoolsgrewroughlytwiceasfastasstudents.Yetstudentsshowednoadditionallearninginachievementtests.
Universitiesshowsimilartrendsofincreasedadministrationpersonnelandcostswithoutgreaterlearning,asdocumentedinRichardArumandJosipaRoksa'srecentbookAcademicallyAdrift:LimitedLearningonCollegeCampuses.
Asurveyshowsthat63%ofemployerssaythatrecentcollegegraduatesdon'thavetheskillstheyneedtosucceedand25%ofemployerssaythatentry-levelwritingskillsarelacking.
Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork.
Publicschoolsworkedwelluntilaboutthe1970s.Infact,untilthattime,publicschoolsprovidedfarbettereducationthanprivateones.Itwastheunderperformingstudentswhowerethrownoutofpublicschoolsandwenttoprivateones.
Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworkingoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.Theyacceptedrelativelylowpay,difficultworkingconditions,andgavetheirverybest.
Havingsuchalargesupplyoftalentedwomenteachersmeantthatsocietycouldpaylessfortheirservices.Women'sliberationopenedupnewprofessionalopportunitiesforwomen,and,overtime,someofthebestleftteachingasacareeroption,bringingaboutagradualdeclineinthequalityofschooling.
Alsoaroundthattime,regulations,government,andunionscametodictatepay,preventadjustments,andintroducebureaucratic(官僚的)standardforadvancement.Largeeducationbureaucraciesandunionscametodominatethelandscape,confusingactivitywithachievement.Bureaucratsregularlyrewritecurriculums,talknonsenseabouttheoriesofeducation,andrequireevermoreadministrators.Theendresulthasbeenthat,afterallthespending,studentshaveworsemathandreadingskillsthanboththeirforeignpeersandearliergenerationsspendingfarlessoneducation—asalltheaccumulatingevidencenowdocuments.
61.WhatdowelearnfromvariousstudiesonAmerica'spubliceducation?
A.Achievementtestshavefailedtotrulyreflectthequalityofteaching.
B.Publicschoolslacktheresourcestocompetewithprivateschools.
C.Littleimprovementineducationhasresultedfromincreasedspending.
D.Thenumberofstudentshasincreasedmuchfasterthanthatofteachers.
62.Howdosomepeopleexplainthedeclineinpubliceducation?
A.Governmentinvestmentdoesnotmeetschools'needs.
B.Skilledstudentsaremovingtoprivateschools.
C.Qualifiedteachersarefarfromadequatelypaid.
D.Trainingofstudents'basicskillsisneglected.
63.Whatwasasignificantcontributortothepastgloryofpublicschools?
A.Well-behavedstudents.B.Efficientadministration.
C.Talentedwomenteachers.D.Generouspayforteachers.
64.Whydidsomeofthebestwomenteachersleaveteaching?
.Newcareeropportunitiesweremadeavailabletothembywomen'sliberation.
B.Higheracademicrequirementsmadeitdifficultforthemtostayintheirjobs.
C.Theywereunhappywiththebureaucraticadministrationintheirschools.
D.Theheavyteachingloadsleftthemlittletimeandenergyforfamilylife.
65.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisoneoftheresultsofgovernmentinvolvementineducation?
A.Increasingemphasisontheoriesofeducation.
B.Highlystandardizedteachingmethods.
C.Students'improvedacademicperformance.
D.Anever-growingnumberofadministrators.
PartIVTranslation
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.
中国的互联网社区是全世界发展最快的。2010年，中国约有4.2亿网民(netizen)，而且人数还在迅速增长。互联网的日渐流行带来了重大的社会变化。中国网民往往不同于美国网民。美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使。用互联网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、做研究、规划旅程或付款。中国网民更多是出于社交原因使用互联网，因而更广泛地使用论坛、博客、聊天室等。
答案解析
PartIWriting
行文思路
题目要求考生介绍自己“印象最深刻的一门课”，并说明原因。
根据题目要求，文章可以用“总—分—总”结构。第一段引出话题，大学的课程每一科都很有意义，但令自己印象最深的是什么课程；第二段展开说明这门课程使自己印象深刻的原因，以及对这门课程做一个简单的描述；最后一段突出描写一下自己在这门课程中的收获。
范文赏析
TheMostImpressiveCourseinMyCollegeLife
Everycollegestudentwillbeassignedavarietyofcoursestolearnintheuniversity.Amongthem,somecanbroadenourhorizons,whilesomecanexerciseourabilitytothink.Whathasimpressedmemostis"theproductionofmicrofilm".
Theuniquepointofthiscourseliesinitsabilitytopractice.Theteacherwhowasveryinterestingtaughtusinahumorousway,whichcouldmakeusholdahighdegreeofenthusiasmforthiscourse.Later,wewererequiredtoexplorethematerials,makingasmallvideobyourselves.TomakeasmallvideoIjustneededacameraandsoftware.However,tofinishtheprocessofproductionIneededmoreprofessionalknowledge,sowelistenedtotheteachercarefully.Itisworthmentioningthatourworkhasbeenaffirmed.
Throughthiscourse,Ilearnedthebasicknowledgeoftheproductionofmicrofilms,andmypracticalabilityhasbeengreatlyimproved.
PartIIListeningComprehension
SectionA
ShortConversations
1.W:IranintoSallytheotherday.Icouldhardlyrecognizeher.Doyourememberherfromhighschool?
M:Yeah.Shewasalittleoutofshapebackthen.Well,hasshelostalotofweight?
Q:WhatdoesthemanrememberofSally?
答案：C
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到男士说萨莉当时体形有点不成样子，随后问“她是不是减肥了”，说明她当时体重超重，即C选项。
2.W:Wedon'tseemtohaveareservationforyou,sir.I'msorry.
M:Butmysecretarysaidthatshehadreservedaroomformehere.IphonedherfromtheairportthismorningjustbeforeIgotonboardtheplane.
Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?
答案：D
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到reservedaroom，可知对话发生在宾馆前台。
3.W:Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereinmyplace?
M:IfPaulweremyson,I'djustnotworry.Nowthathisteacherisgivinghimextrahelpandheisworkingharderhimself,he'ssuretodowellinthenextexam.
O:What'stheman'ssuggestiontothewoman?
答案：B
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到女士问男士有什么建议，男士认为她不用担心，她儿子下次会考好的。即建议女士要对自己的儿子有信心，故选B。
4.M:You'vehadyourhandsfullandhavebeenoverworkedduringthelasttwoweeks.Ithinkyoureallyneedtogooutandgetsomefreshairandsunshine.
W:Youareright.That'sjustwhatI'mthinkingabout.
Q:Whatisthewomanmostprobablygoingtodo?
答案：A
点睛解析：男士建议女士“出去呼吸一下新鲜空气，晒晒太阳”，A选项“稍微休息一下”与题意相符。
5.W:Hello,John.Howareyoufeelingnow?Ihearyou'vebeenill.
M:TheymusthaveconfusedmewithmytwinbrotherRod.He'sbeensickaweek,butI'veneverfeltbetterinmylife.
Q:Whatdowelearnabouttheman?
答案：D
点睛解析：在对话中，男士明确说“我从来没有感觉到比现在更好”，言外之意是他身体状况很好，所以D是正确答案。
6.M:Didyoureallygiveawayallyourfurniturewhenyoumovedintothenewhouselastmonth?
W:Justtheuselesspieces,asI'mplanningtopurchaseanewsetfromItalyforthesittingroomonly.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?
答案：B
点睛解析：男士问女士是否把全部旧家具都扔了，在对话中我们可以听到Justtheuselesspieces，女士并没有全部扔掉，因此答案为B。
7.M:I'vebroughtbackyourOxfordCompaniontoEnglishLiterature.Ithoughtyoumightuseitforyourpaper.Sorrynottohavereturneditearlier.
W:Iwaswonderingwherethatbookwas.
Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?
答案：D
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到男士归还女士书时，女士说“我还在纳闷书到哪里去了呢”，说明她忘了曾把书借给男士，即D选项。
8.W:Totellthetruth,Tony,itneveroccurredtomethatyouareanathlete.
M:Oh,really?Mostpeoplewhomeetme,includingsomefriendsofmine,don'tthinksoeither.
Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?
答案：C
点睛解析：女士及大多数认识男士的人都不觉得男士是运动员，言外之意是他看起来不像是一个运动员，所以C是正确答案。
LongConversations
ConversationOne
M:Mary,[12]Ihopeyouarepackedandreadytoleave.
W:Yes,I'mpacked,butnotquiteready.Ican'tfindmypassport.
M:Yourpassport?That'stheonethingyoumustn'tleavebehind.
W:Iknow.Ihaven'tlostit.[9]I'vepackedit,butIcan'trememberwhichbagit'sin.
M:Well,you'llhavetofinditattheairport.Comeon,thetaxiiswaiting.
W:[12]Didyousaytaxi?Ithoughtweweregoinginyourcar.
M:Yes,well,Ihaveplannedto,butI'llexplainlater.You'vegottobethereinanhour.
W:Theplanedoesn'tleavefortwohours.Anyway,I'mreadytogonow.
M:Now,youaretakingjustonecase,isthatright?
W:No,[12]thereisoneinthehallaswell.
M:Gosh,whatalotofstuff![10]Youaretakingenoughforamonthinsteadofaweek.
W:Well,youcan'tdependontheweather.Itmightbecold.
M:It'snevercoldinRome.CertainlynotinMay.Comeon,wereallymustgo.
W:Right,weareready.We'vegotthebags.I'msurethereisnoneedtorush.
M:Thereis.[11]Iaskedthetaxidrivertowaittwominutes,nottwenty.
W:Look,I'msupposedtobegoingawaytorelax.Youaremakingmenervous.
M:Well,Iwantyoutorelaxonholiday,butyoucan'trelaxyet.
W:OK.Ipromisenottorelax,atleastnotuntilwegettotheairportandIfindmypassport.
9.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherpassport?
答案：A
点睛解析：在对话开头，我们可以听到I'vepackedit,butIcan'trememberwhichbagit'sin.“我拿了，只是不记得放在哪一个袋子里了。”故选项A正确。
10.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman'strip?
答案：C
点睛解析：在短文对话中，A、B均未提及；说到weather时用的是否定句，故可排除D；我们可以听到男士的话“你带的东西都够一个月而不是一周用了”，可见女士计划外出一周。所以选C。
11.Whydoesthemanurgethewomantohurry?
答案：B
点睛解析：男士提及他让出租车等的是两分钟而不是二十分钟，言外之意是要赶紧出去乘坐出租车，故答案为B。
12.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?
答案：A
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到“离开”“厅里(还有一个箱子)”“你的车”等关键词，可知二人准备离开家外出旅游，故选项A正确。
ConversationTwo
W:Oh,[13]I'mfedupwithmyjob.
M:Hey,thereisaperfectjobforyouinthepapertoday.Youmightbeinterested.
W:Oh?Whatisit?Whatdotheywant?
M:Waitaminute.Eh,hereitis.[14]TheEuropeanSpaceAgencyisrecruitingtranslators.
W:TheEuropeanSpaceAgency?
M:Well,that'swhatitsays.TheyneedanEnglishtranslatortoworkfromFrenchorGerman.
W:SotheyneedadegreeinFrenchorGerman,Isuppose.Well,I'vegotthat.What'smore,Ihaveplentyofexperience.Whatelsearetheyaskingfor?
M:Justthat.Auniversitydegreeandthreeorfouryearsofexperienceas[14]atranslatorinaprofessionalenvironment.Theyalsosaythepersonshouldhavealivelyandinquiringmind,effectivecommunicationskillsandtheabilitytoworkindividuallyorasapartoftheteam.
W:Well,ifIstayatmypresentjobmuchlonger,Iwon'thaveanymindorskillsleft.Bytheway,[15]whataboutsalary?Ijusthopeitisn'tlowerthanwhatIgetnow.
M:It'ssaidtobenegotiable.[15]Itdependsontheapplicant'seducationandexperience.Inadditiontobasicsalary,thereisalistofextrabenefits.Havealookyourself.
W:Hmm,travelandsocialsecurityplusrelocationexpensesarepaid.Hey,thisisn'tbad.Ireallywantthejob.
13.Whyisthewomantryingtofindanewjob?
答案：C
点睛解析：在对话第一句我们可以听到女士说自己厌倦了自己的工作，答案中的betiredof是原文befedupwith的同义表达，故答案为C。
14.Whatpositionisbeingadvertisedinthepaper?
答案：A
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到TheEuropeanSpaceAgencyisrecruitingtranslators.招聘职位是“翻译”，故选A。
15.Whatarethekeyfactorsthatdeterminethesalaryofthenewposition?
答案：
点睛解析：在对话中男士说，工资待遇“取决于求职者的教育背景和工作经历”。D选项内容是原文复现，所以选D。
SectionB
PassageOne
Whencouplesgetmarried,theyusuallyplantohavechildren.Sometimes,however,acouplecannothaveachildoftheirown.Inthiscase,theymaydecidetoadoptachild.Infact,adoptionisverycommontoday.Thereareabout60,000adoptionseachyearintheUnitedStatesalone.Somepeopleprefertoadoptinfants.Othersadoptolderchildren.Somecouplesadoptchildrenfromtheirowncountries.Othersadoptchildrenfromforeigncountries.[16]Inanycase,theyalladoptchildrenforthesamereason:theycareaboutchildrenandwanttogivetheiradoptedchildahappylife.Mostadoptedchildrenknowthattheyareadopted.Psychologistsandchildcareexpertsgenerallythinkthisisagoodidea.However,manyadoptedchildrenoradopteeshaveverylittleinformationabouttheirbiologicalparents.[17]Asamatteroffact,itisoftenverydifficultforadopteestofindoutabouttheirbirthparents,becausethebirthrecordsofmostadopteesareusuallysealed.Theinformationissecret,sonoonecanseeit.Naturally,adoptedchildrenhavedifferentfeelingsabouttheirbirthparents.Manyadopteeswanttosearchforthem,butothersdonot.Thedecisiontosearchforbirthparentsisadifficultonetomake.[18]Mostadopteeshavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirbiologicalparents.Eventhoughadopteesdonotknowabouttheirnaturalparents,[19]theydoknowthattheiradoptiveparentswantthem,lovethemandwillcareforthem.
16.Accordingtothespeaker,whydosomecouplesadoptchildren?
答案：A
点睛解析：在短文中我们可以听到Inanycase,theyalladoptchildrenforthesamereason:theycareaboutchildrenandwanttogivetheiradoptedchildahappylife.“不管是什么样的情形，人们收养孩子都出于同一个理由：他们喜欢孩子，想给孩子幸福的生活。”故A正确。
17.Whyisitdifficultforadopteestofindoutabouttheirbirthparents?
答案：B
点睛解析：在短文中我们可以听到：大多数被收养者的出生记录往往不对外公开。相关资料是保密的，因此没有人能看到。选项B与此相符。
18.Whydomanyadopteesfindithardtomakethedecisiontosearchforthebirthparents?
答案：C
点睛解析：短文提到：Mostadopteeshavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirbiologicalparents.大多数人对寻找自己的生身父母感情复杂。mixedfeelings是解题关键词，选项C是对原文的复现，所以选C。
19.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?
答案：D
点睛解析：根据短文开头提到，A、B显然不符合短文内容；C貌似正确，但短文没有讨论understanding的问题，人们收养孩子是因为他们喜欢(careabout)孩子，因此D正确。
PassageTwo
KatharineGrahamgraduatedfromtheUniversityofChicagoin1938andgotajobasanewsreporterinSanFrancisco.[20]Katharine'sfatherusedtobeasuccessfulinvestmentbanker.In1933heboughtafailingnewspaper—TheWashingtonPost.ThenKatharinereturnedtoWashingtonandgotajob,editinglettersinherfather'snewspaper.ShemarriedPhilipGrahamwhotookoverhisfather-in-law'spositionshortlyafterandbecamepublisherofTheWashingtonPost.Butformanyyearsherhusbandsufferedfrommentalillnessandhekilledhimselfin1963.Afterherhusband'sdeath,Katharineoperatedthenewspaper.Inthe1970s,thenewspaperbecamefamousaroundtheworld.AndKatharinewasalsorecognizedasanimportantleaderinnewspaperpublishing.[21]ShewasthefirstwomantoheadamajorAmericanpublishingcompany—theWashingtonPostCompany.Inafewyears,shesuccessfullyexpandedthecompanytoincludenewspaper,magazine,broadcastandcablecompanies.Shediedofheadinjuriesafterafallwhenshewas84.Morethan3,000peopleattendedherfuneralincludingmanygovernmentandbusinessleaders.[22]HerfriendssaidshewouldberememberedasawomanwhohadanimportantinfluenceoneventsintheUnitedStatesandtheworld.Katharineoncewrote:"Theworldwithoutnewspaperswouldnotbethesamekindofworld."Afterherdeath,theemployeesofTheWashingtonPostwrote:[22]"TheworldwithoutKatharinewouldnotbethesameatall."
20.WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutKatharine'sfather?
答案：B
点睛解析：在短文中我们可以听到，有精神疾病的是Katharine的丈夫；做过记者的是Katharine；邮报是20世纪70年代闻名天下的，当时由Katharine负责。Katharine的父亲于1933年买下了陷入困境的《华盛顿邮报》。故B正确。
21.WhatdoesthespeakertellusaboutKatharineGraham?
答案：A
点睛解析：根据短文，凯瑟琳的第一份工作并不是老师，故排除B；她是因为脑部受伤去世的，而不是自杀，故排除C；她父亲死后，是她丈夫接任了职位，故排除D。原文提到：凯瑟琳是担任美国主要出版公司领导人的第一位女性。故选项A正确。
22.WhatdoesthecommentbyemployeesofTheWashingtonPostsuggest?
答案：D
点睛解析：短文结尾的几句都是对凯瑟琳的评价。A选项businessworld，C选项media，范围都太窄，B在短文中未提及。文中提到“她将作为一个对美国以及全世界的事件产生过重要影响的女性为世人所怀念……没有Katharine的世界将是一个完全不同的世界”。D与此一致。
PassageThree
[23]Obtaininggoodhealthinsuranceisarealnecessitywhileyouarestudyingoverseas.Itprotectsyoufromminorandmajormedicalexpensesthatcanwipeoutnotonlyyoursavingsbutyourdreamsofaneducationabroad.Thereareoftentwodifferenttypesofhealthinsuranceyoucanconsiderbuying:internationaltravelinsuranceandstudentinsuranceinthecountrywhereyouwillbegoing.Aninternationaltravelinsurancepolicyisusuallypurchasedinyourhomecountrybeforeyougoabroad.Itgenerallycoversawidevarietyofmedicalservicesandyouareoftengivenalistofdoctorsintheareawhereyouwilltravelwhomayevenspeakyournativelanguage.[24]Thedrawbackmightbethatyoumaynotgetyourmoneybackimmediately.Inotherwords,youmayhavetopayallyourmedicalexpensesandthenlatersubmityourreceiptstotheinsurancecompany.Ontheotherhand,[25]gettingstudenthealthinsuranceinthecountrywhereyouwillstudymightallowyoutoonlypayacertainpercentageofthemedicalcostatthetimeofserviceandthusyoudon'thavetohavesufficientcashtopaytheentirebillatonce.Whateveryoudecide,obtainingsomeformofhealthinsuranceissomethingyoushouldconsiderbeforeyougooverseas.Youshouldn'twaituntilyouaresickwithmajormedicalbillstopayoff.
23.Whydoesthespeakeradviseoverseasstudentstobuyhealthinsurance?
答案：C
点睛解析：在短文开头我们可以听到，好的健康保险可以使你免受大大小小的医疗费用的困扰，这些费用不仅会耗尽你的积蓄，还会让你的留学梦破灭。选项C与文意相符。
24.Whatisthedrawbackofstudents'buyinginternationaltravelinsurance?
答案：A
点睛解析：在短文中我们可以听到Thedrawbackmightbethatyoumaynotgetyourmoneybackimmediately.“购买国际旅行保险的缺点是你不能马上拿回你支付的钱。”A选项与此意思一致，所以选A。
25.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutstudents'gettinghealthinsuranceinthecountrywheretheywillstudy?
答案：B
点睛解析：短文提到，在留学国购买健康保险可以在就医时只支付部分医疗费，而不必一下子支付所有费用。选项B是对原文的复现。
SectionC
26.alarming
点睛解析：alarming令人担忧的
27.sheer
点睛解析：sheer纯粹的
28.comparison
点睛解析：comparison名词，为动词compare“比较，对比”的派生词，意为“比较”。
29.asaresultof
点睛解析：asaresultof作为……的结果
30.reverse
点睛解析：reverse相反的情况
31.payfor
点睛解析：payfor负担……的费用，偿还
32.letalone
点睛解析：letalone更不用说，不必考虑
33.facilities
点睛解析：facility设施，设备
34.represent
点睛解析：represent代表
35.despairing
点睛解析：despairing绝望的
PartIIIReadingComprehension
SectionA
36.答案：N
点睛解析：空格前是不定冠词a，空格后是介词of，说明此处需填入可数名词，作takepartin“参加”的宾语。下一句的主语It指代该词，根据该句的表语abiomonitoringproject“一个生物监测的项目”可知填入的单词与project语义相关，因此选N项survey“调查”。
37.答案：O
点睛解析：空格前是介词for，空格后是of，故此处应填入名词或动名词。本句是inwhich引导的定语从句，which指代project“项目”，句子提到这个项目对人体的血液和尿液进行了测试，目的当然是找到化学物质，O项traces“痕迹，踪迹”符合逻辑。
38.答案：I
点睛解析：空格前是形容词household“家庭的”，故此处应填入名词，意义上能概括空格后列举的facecream“面霜”、tincans“锡罐”和showercurtains“浴帘”等家用的东西。commonhouseholdproducts表示“普通居家用品”，所以选I。
39.答案：K
点睛解析：由下文的inareport可推测这里表示该调查结果“被发表”在一项报告上，故选K项。release“发表”。
40.答案：J
点睛解析：备选词中常与from...to...搭配的分词有ranging“(在范围内)变动”和extending“延伸”。extending通常形容河流、土地、森林的延伸。而此处指参与者的范围，J项ranging更合适。
41.答案：M
点睛解析：空格位于定冠词the和名词presence之间，因此空格处的词应为可以作定语的名词、形容词或分词。本句中用while引导的从句意思为“尽管这些化学物质的____存在不表示有健康风险”，因此空格处的词应具有“不会导致严重后果”的含义，备选词中M项simple“简单的”符合要求。
42.答案：H
点睛解析：空格在助动词doesnot和谓语动词indicate之间，故应填入副词。本句指“这些化学物质的存在不____代表有健康风险”，词库中的副词necessarily“必要地”代入，notnecessarily表示“不一定”，符合题意。
43.答案：L
点睛解析：空格所在句的主语是thefact，空格后是名词结构Juneandhisfellowparticipants，故此处应填入谓语动词。空格所在的主句与while所引导的从句之间构成让步转折的关系，从句提到体内有这些化学物质不表示有健康风险，故推断主句提到的这个事实让琼和其他人都感到意外，L项shocked“使(某人)震惊”符合要求。
44.答案：C
点睛解析：空格前是助动词don't，空格后是副词there，故此处需填入动词原形，充当that引导的定语从句的谓语。that指代chemicalsinourbodies“我们体内的化学物质”，there指代inourbodies。上文提到那些化学物质是家居用品中的，因此推断不应存在于我们体内，故选C项belong“属于”。
45.答案：B
点睛解析：空格前的不定冠词an表明此处应填入元音开头的可数名词单数形式，词库中符合要求的名词只有B项aveage“平均数”和E项excess“过量”。anexcessof可表示“过量的某种事物”，但其后不接具体数量，空格后是具体数值“200种化学物质”，所以E项不合适。因此只能选B项average“平均数”。本句意为“在2005年，环境工作小组发现10个新生儿的血液中平均有200种化学物质”。
SectionB
46.答案：F
点睛解析：根据题干中的Greatermobility可定位到F段。该段提到，相对于其他年龄段的人，年龄大的人，流动性不如那些可以轻松转到新劳力市场的租房族。本题是从年轻人的角度来阐述，年轻人因为流动性强在再就业上比上了年纪的人占优势，故本题内容与原文F段的内容相对应。
47.答案：I
点睛解析：根据题干中的laidoffduringtherecession,lowerpay可定位到I段第l句。该句引用了一项调查，Inasurveyofolderworkerswhowerelaidoffduringtherecession,justoneinsixhadfoundanotherjob,andhalfofthatgrouphadacceptedpaycuts.题干中的信息与该句相呼应，都表明上年纪的人不得不接受减薪。
48.答案：D
点睛解析：根据题目中的shortlybeforeretirementage可定位到D段第2句。该句引用调查，说明“接近退休的人失业后，其寿命会比预期寿命少三年”。原文的inthefewyearsbefore对应题目中的shortlybeforeretirementage；而原文的lostuptothreeyearsfromtheirlifeexpectancy则对应shorter-than-averagelife。所以选D。
49.答案：O
点睛解析：根据O段中Theresearchersarguethatweakjobmarketspushmoreworkersintoacceptingrelativelyundesirableworkatnursinghomes,leadingtobettercareforresidents.“疲软的就业市场将促使更多人去疗养院工作，最终使疗养院的居民得到更好的照顾。”这与题干意思“疲软的就业市场使疗养院的老人们受益”一致。由此可知选O。
50.答案：K
点睛解析：根据题干信息“就业中的年龄歧视使得年长员工的再培训毫无意义”可定位到K段。该段引用经济学教授的话说明了对老人再培训不明智，Itjustdoesn'tmakesensetoofferretrainingforpeople55andolder，该段中的doesn'tmakesense与题目中的pointless对应，据此判断本题信息来自K段。
51.答案：B
点睛解析：根据题干中的recentreportsanddata和boomers可定位到B段第2句。ButtheLaborDepartment'slatestjobsreportsandotherrecentdatapresentastrongcaseforcrowningbabyboomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的人)asthegreatestvictimsoftherecessionanditsdreadfulconsequences.说明二战后生育高峰期出生的人成为此次经济衰退的最大受害者，本题所述与B段的文意相符。
52.答案：H
点睛解析：结合题干中的tendtohireyoungerworkers“倾向于雇佣年轻人”可定位到H段。该段because后提到了年轻人的几点优势，包括young,energetic,acceptlowerpay以及canpotentiallystickaroundfordecades。年轻人有优势，boomers就是处于不利地位了(atadisadvantage)，所以H是正确答案。
53.答案：C
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位到C段。结合该段最后一句的“他们需要赡养年迈的父母，还需要供养失业的成年孩子”以及他们的绰号“被榨干的一代”可看出他们的家庭负担重。所以选C。
54.答案：L
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位到L段最后一句。该句提到“62岁时就开始领的社保金会比正常退休的少30％”，与题目信息相对应，故选L。
55.答案：G
点睛解析：根据题干的limited,disability等关键信息可定位到G段。该段第一句Olderworkersaremorelikelytohaveadisabilityofsomesort,perhapslimitingtherangeofjobsthatofferrealisticchoices.提到“年长的工人更可能有某种形式的缺陷，这也许会限制他们可以选择的工作范围”。题目的信息“由于某些缺陷，年长工人可选的工作有限”与此相符，故选G。
SectionC
PassageOne
56.答案：B
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位至第一段，本题问针对越来越多人使用CitiBikes，作者首要担心的问题是什么。在文章第一段中，Butwhataboutlocalbikeshops?IsCitiBikerollingupridersattheirexpense?这两个问题表示作者关心当地自行车店对此的反应，并提问城市自行车项目是否会让当地自行车店利益受损。B项中的suffer是对最后一句attheirexpense的同义转换，选B。
57.答案：C
点睛解析：根据题干中的GothamBikes定位至第二段。题目问的是公共自行车项目导致Gotham自行车店产生了怎样的结果。第二段中theshophasseenanincreaseinitsoverallsalesduetothebike-shareprogram表明“店里总体销售额有所增长”。C项中的ontherise是原文hasseenanincrease的同义转换，跟原文意思一致，所以选C。
58.答案：B
点睛解析：根据题干中的Frank'BikeShop可定位至第三段。题目问的是为什么对Frank自行车店而言，公共自行车项目是个坏消息。该段中OwnerFrankArroyosaidhisrentalbusinesshasdecreasedby90％sinceCitiBikewasrolledoutlastmonth指出，自上个月推出CitiBike后，该店的出租业务下降了90％，而最后一句指出业务下降的原因，即曾经是该店的主要客源的欧洲游客都被CitiBike抢走了(mainrentalcustomers...havesincebeendrawnawaybyCitiBikes)。B项“顾客被CitiBikes抢走了”与该句意思一致.
59.答案：A
点睛解析：根据题干中的AndrewCrooks定位至第六段。题目问为什么AndrewCrooks认为公共自行车项目很难执行。B项“自行车出租店之间可能发生冲突”、C项“市中心的交通状况可能变得更差”、D项“没有足够的自行车道供自行车出行”都不属于文章中提到的两点原因，A项“缺乏经验的骑手可能会违反骑行规则”是原文中列举的第一个原因，为正确答案。
60.答案：D
点睛解析：题目询问当地自行车店对CitiBike的普遍态度。文中提到了不同的自行车店的态度，其态度往往体现在原文的转折对比处。A项“观望的”、B项“否定的”和C项“不关心的”都表消极否定，与原文对比转折处所暗含的肯定态度（positive）相违背。所以选D“赞成的”。
PassageTwo
61.答案：C
点睛解析：根据题干中的variousstudies可定位至第一段。本题询问在关于美国公立教育的大量研究中，我们可以得知什么。该段第一句Variousstudieshaveshownthatincreasedspendingoneducationhasnotledtomeasurableimprovementsinlearning.“大量研究表明教育投入的增加并未促使教育有显著改善。”C项中的hasresultedfrom“由……产生”替换了原文中的hasledto“导致”；选项中的littleimprovements和原文中的notledtomeasurableimprovements属同义转换。所以正确答案是C“花费增加并未促使教育得到大的改善”。
62.答案：B
点睛解析：根据题干中的declineinpubliceducation定位至第四段。题目问一些人认为公立教育衰落的原因是什么。Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork.原因是高素质生源流失到了私立学校，B“高素质的学生都去了私立学校”与原文一致。
63.答案：C
点睛解析：根据题干信息定位至第六段。本题问公立学校过去成功的重要原因是什么。该段提到Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworkingoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.“公立学校曾经很成功的首要原因是当时许多高素质的女性除了当老师或者护士之外，没有其他职业可以从事。”而第七段也重申了这些有才干的女教师(talentedwomenteachers)的重要性，C“有才干的女教师”复现了这一内容，为正确答案。
64.答案：A
点睛解析：根据题干中的bestwomenteachersleaveteaching定位至第七段。题目问为什么一些优秀的女教师要放弃教书。B“更高的学术要求使她们很难保住这份工作”，学术要求并未出现在文章中。C“她们不满学校里的官僚化管理”，最后一段出现了官僚机构，而且谈及了官僚机构管理对教学工作产生的负面影响，但是这些均不是优秀女教师离职的原因。D“过重的教学负担使她们没有时间和精力过家庭生活”，教学负担和家庭生活的关系不在本文讨论的范围之内。A项“妇女解放运动给她们带来了新的职业机会”符合原文。其中的newcareeropportunities是原文newprofessionalopportunities的同义表达；madeavailable同义替换了openedup，都表示“开辟了新的职业领域”。
65.答案：D
点睛解析：根据题干信息定位至最后一段。题目问作者认为政府参与教育所导致的结果是什么。题干所说的governmentinvolvementineducation，包括引入官僚晋升标准、支配整个教育系统等。第三句讲述了一些具体的措施：定期修改课表、吹嘘荒谬的教育理论、要求不断增加管理人员。D“不断增长的管理人员”是原文中要求增加管理人员的必然结果，所以为正确答案。
PartIVTranslation
TheInternetcommunityinChinadevelopsatthefastestspeedintheworld.In2010,Chinahadanestimated420millionnetizensandthenumberisgrowingrapidly.TheincreasingpopularityoftheInternethasbroughtsignificantsocialchanges.ChinesenetizensareoftendifferentfromthoseinAmerica.BecauseAmericannetizensaremoredrivenbypracticalneeds,theyusetheInternetasatooltosende-mails,buyandsellgoods,doresearch,plantoursormakepayments.However,ChinesenetizensmakeuseoftheInternetforsocialreasonsinmostcases.Therefore,forums,blogsandchatroomsandsoonaremorewidelyused.