大学英语四级考试模拟试题及答案解析(2)

大学英语四级考试模拟试题及答案解析(2)

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayunderthetitleof“OnPlasticSurgeries”.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

1.如今，整形现象已经越来越普遍；

2.分析这一现象的原因；

3.提出你对这一现象的观点或是建议。

PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A)ThereisareferendumonBritain'smembershipoftheEU.

B)BritishpoliticianswanttheUKtoleavetheEU.

C)TheMPsinsistthatitistheBritishvoters'righttodecidetheissue.

D)Mr.ObamaisfacedwiththechoicewhethertointerfereinBritain'smembershipoftheEU.

2.A)Hedoesn'twanttointerfereeither.

B)HehopesthatBritaincanstayintheEU.

C)HewillrespectBritain'swish.

D)Hewantstomakeadifferenceinthedebate.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A)Citizenship.B)Polling.C)Immigration.D)Crimeincidents.

4.A)Shehaswonamajorityofsupportfromthevoters.

B)Votersthinkthatsheisnotreliable.

C)ShehastolearnfromherhusbandorBarackObama.

D)Winningthevoters'trustisverydifficult.

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.A)64.B)34.C)36.D)54.

6.A)Hewilltakemeasurestofightagainstittoughly.

B)Hewillgiveordertoclosethetransporthub.

C)HewillagreetojointhecoalitionagainstIS.

D)Hewillarrestthemembersoftheterrorgroups.

7.A)Theterrorgroupshadenoughexplosives.

B)Thecivilianshadnoweaponssothattheywerepowerlesstoresist.

C)TheterrorgroupsweredefeatedbytheTurkishsecurityforces.

D)Theterrorgroupshadnootherchoice.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

ConversationOne

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)Shethinksthepresentjobisadead-endone.

B)Shehasbeenfedupwiththepresentjob.

C)Shewantstoearnmoremoney.

D)Shedislikesherworkingenvironment.

9.A)Ahouseagent.B)Alobbymanager.

C)Abusinessmanager.D)Alobbyist.

10.A)Bequickinthought.B)Leadershipskills.

C)Effectivecommunicationskills.D)Teamworkspirit.

11.A)Theeducationbackground.B)Theindividualabilitytowork.

C)Theexperienceinthisfield.D)Theoperatingconditionofthehotel.

ConversationTwo

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Asportsmodethathetookpartin.B)Benefitsofcross-countryskiing.

C)Howtoenjoypeacefulness.D)Breathtakingsceneryinthecountryside.

13.A)Hefindsitdifficulttodescribethepeacefulness.

B)Heoftenforgetsthemaintopic.

C)Hefailstofindenoughexamplestosupporthistopic.

D)Heisnotsurewhethertheeffortpartofskiingshouldbeincluded.

14.A)Muchenergyshouldbeinvestedinit.B)Peopleusuallylosebalance.

C)Thetemperatureistoolowoutside.D)Ittakesmuchtimetopractice.

15.A)Alotoftimeshouldbespentincollectinginformation.

B)Newpointscomeintomind.

C)Changingthepointofviewisunavoidable.

D)Insistingontheoriginalideaispossible.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Alargequantityofinformationconveyed.

B)Anaturalandspontaneousspeechdeliverystyle.

C)Aclearandsimplemainpoint.

D)Atimelyuseofvisualaids.

17.A)Applyrhetoricalflourishes.B)Pronouncewordsclearlyandcorrectly.

C)Arrangeanoutlineofideas.D)Useacut-and-driedtext.

18.A)Theconfidenceneededwhenmakingreportinpublic.

B)Theimportanceofgoodpreparation.

C)Themasteryofusingbodylanguageandemotion.

D)Thedifferenceinlanguageandstylebetweenspeakingandwriting.

PassageTwo

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Totakedownthenoisesystem.

B)Toinstallasilencer.

C)Tocontrolthepressurewave.

D)Tomixinmorenoisewiththehelpofloudspeakers.

20.A)Savethecostofacar.B)Reducethenoiseofacar.

C)Makeacarmuchlighter.D)Improvetheperformanceofasilencer.

21.A)Itstillneedstobetested.B)Itwillincreasethecostofcarproduction.

C)Peoplestillhavedoubtaboutitsactualeffect.D)Theautomakershaven'tbeendecided.

PassageThree

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Schoolbag.B)Freshmeat.C)Freshfruit.D)Glasses.

23.A)Productshavetositonshelvesforalongtimebeforebeingboughtbyshoppers.

B)Itcanhelptogivedetailedinformationoftheproduct.

C)Productsmustbewellprotectedduringtheshipment.

D)Itcancreatemoreeconomicprofits.

24.A)Tomakethepackagesofproductsbeautiful.B)Tomaketheproductsmoreattractive.

C)Togiveinformationofproducts.D)Toprovidemuchconvenience.

25.A)Becausethelabelscontaindetailedinformation.

B)Becauseweopenthecontainerswhenwegoshopping.

C)Becausewecanhardlyseetheactualproducts.

D)Becausethesalespeoplearenottrustable.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

IthaslongbeenadisputethatmencomefromMarswhilewomencomefromVenus.Malesandfemalesseemtoshow(26)behaviorsalmostfrombirth.Accordingtotheresearchers'words,thesedifferentbehaviorsareonaccountofthebasicdifferencesintheirbrain(27)andactivities.Actually,menandwomenhavetheirownstrongpoints.Mendobetterin(28)targetsandsolvingmathproblemswhilewomendobetterinmemorizingwordsandrecognizingfaces.Butwhyaretheredifferences?

Men(29)relymoreononesideofthebrainwhilewomenusebothsidesofitonthebasisofatestofthebrain'selectricalactivity.Scientistsalsofindthatthetwosidesofthebrainhavedifferentfunctions—oneistocontrolthesenseofspaceandtheotheroneistocontrollanguage.Andsomeresearcherssupposethatthedifferentwaysthatmenandwomenusetheirbrains(30)fromancienttimes,duringwhichcavemenhuntedandwomenattendedtothechildren.Therefore,menhadtohavegood(31)andwomenhadtotalktothekids.

Nomatterwhattheexplanationis,thebattleofthesexesneverquitedown.Eventhoughtheirbrainsareslightlydifferentinconstruction,menandwomenare(32)capableastheysimplyrelyondifferentabilitis.Thereisanexampleinwhichapairofcoupleisarguingoverthe(33)oftheircarinaparkinglot.Themanmightfindthecarbyusinghissenseofspaceandatthesametimethewoman(34)onherrecognitionoflandmarks.The(35)isthatbothofthemfindthecar.Butchancesmaybethattheywillstillargueaboutwho'sthebetterdriverandwho'sbetteratfindingthewayhome.

A)hittingB)locationC)aimD)different

E)missionF)possiblyG)outcomeH)depends

I)riskedJ)structuresK)commonlyL)obvious

M)equallyN)evolvedO)arguing

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

A)Between1901and2010,globalsealevelsroseanaverageof0.19meters,orroughlyseveninches.Overthenextcentury,they'llcontinuetorise—butatthispoint,that'soneofthefewthingsscientistsknowforcertain.Lessunderstoodishowfastthey'llrise,orwhereintheworldthesechangeswillbethemostpronounced—informationthatwillbecrucialinhelpingcoastalcommunitiesadapttoclimatechange.

B)"Thisistheburningquestion,"saidAndreaDutton,anassistantprofessorofgeologyatUniversityofFlorida."Howquicklywillthesealevelsrise,andbyhowmuch?"Tofigureitout,DuttonandotherscientistsacrosstheUnitedStatesarestudyingsea-levelchangesdatingback125,000to400,000years,whenglobalmeantemperatureswere1.5ortwodegreesCelsiushigherthantheyaretoday.Insomecases,theglobalmeansealevelsduringtheseeraspeakedat20-30feetabovepresentrates.

C)AccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC),theplanetislikelytoreachthosetemperaturesagainby2100—whichmeansunderstandingthepastmillenniacouldhelpresearchersdeterminehowbesttoprotectvulnerableareasfromtherisingtides.

D)TheIPCCestimatesamaximum2.69-footincreaseoverthenexthundredyearsorso,thoughotherestimatesareashighasthreeorfourfeet.Inthemeantime,someplaceshavealreadybeguntofeeltheimpact.InsoutheastFlorida,forexample,fourcounties—includingMiamiDadeandPalmBeach—haveformedacoalitioncalledtheSoutheastFloridaRegionalCompacttodevelopstrategiesforproblemslikenuisanceflooding,landsubsidence,andsaltwaterintrusionintofreshwatersources.SimilarlocaleffortsaretakingplaceinthecommunitiessurroundingtheChesapeakeBay,andinotherfloodinghotspotsaroundthecountry.

E)"Peoplearedemandingmoreregionalizedinformationbecauselocalcommunitiesarebeingaffected,"saidBenjaminKirtman,aprofessorofatmosphericsciencesattheUniversityofMiami."Theregionaleffectsareverytricky,particularlyhere."Butregionalresearchwillhavetoaccountforeventswithglobalimplications,includingthelikelyeventualbreak-up,ordeglaciation,oftheWestAntarcticicesheetandthemeltingofGreenland."Andrightnow,scientistsdon'thavethedatatounderstandhowthechangesinthesemassiveicesheetswillaffectsealevelsworldwide,"saysRichardAlley,aglaciologistatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity.

F)ScientistshaveapproximatedthatthecollapseoftheWestAntarcticicesheetalonecouldleadtoariseinglobalsealevelsbyupto11feet.Alleyhasmodeledscenariosinwhichwarmingtemperaturesledtheicesheetto"developunstablecliffsandfracturerapidly,leadingtorapidice-sheetlossandsea-levelrise."Hecomparesthephenomenontoafragilesanddune,susceptibletocollapse."NotmuchresearchhasbeenavailabletotheIPCConthistopic.Theuncertaintiesarelarge,"saidAlley."Whetheracliffisgoingtocrumbleornotisahardthingtosay."

G)Puttingtogetheracompletepictureofpastdifferentwarmperiods,rangingfromabout11,700to5.3millionyearsago,isnoeasytask,either.Theseeras,thoughdistinct,allsharecertaincommonalities,liketemperaturesandatmosphericcarbon-dioxidelevelsonparwithwhatwe'reexperiencingtoday.

H)Lookingback120,000years,thetemperaturewastwotothreedegreesCelsiushigherthantoday'stemperature—whatscientistsprojectclimatechangecouldbringwithinthenextcentury.Forexample,intheinterglacialage120,000yearsago,temperaturesweretwotothreedegreesCelsiushigherthantheyaretoday,andsealevelswerethreetoninemetershigher.Scientistsprojectthatwithinthenextcentury,climatechangecouldbringcurrenttemperaturesuptolevelsonparwiththisperiod.

I)DuttonrecentlyreceivedfundingfromtheNationalScienceFoundationtoassesstheratesofsealevelrisearound125,000yearsago.Herproject,likemostresearchinthisfield,reliesnotonmodels,butinsteadonagedphysicalevidence—inhercase,coralsamplescollectedfromtheFloridaKeys,Mexico,andWesternAustralia.Sincecoralgrowsclosetotheseasurface,thedifferentlayersofcoralfossilreflecttheirgrowth,age,andsubsequently,contactwiththeocean.

J)"Thisoceanlifecanhelpserveasarecordforwheresealevelwas,"saidDutton."Wecanmeasuretheratesofsealevelriseandsee:Wasitagradualprocess,ordiditjumpquickly?Wasitstable?"shesaid."Partofthequestionis,didthisrisehappenin1,000yearsorless,"shecontinued."Wewanttogetitdowntoplusorminus50years,butwemightnotbeabletoresolveanythinglessthanthat."

K)Thoughsealevelisalocalissue,Australia'sparticulartopographicaldynamicsduringthistimeperiodwouldhelpitstandasanestimateforaglobalaverage.

L)MaureenRaymo,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity'sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatory,studiestheclimatesystemsofpastwarmperiods,includingthePlioceneera(spanning5.33to2.58millionyearsago).Shesaysthatasclimatesciencehascomeintosharperfocusoverthepastfiveyears,theideaofstudyingdeep-timerecordshascaughtonwithintheclimate-researchcommunity."Idon'tthink10yearsagoscientistsrealizedjusthowquicklythepotentialforrapidsealevelrisewas,"Raymosaid.

M)AtthesoutherntipoftheUnitedStates,meanwhile,theMiamichapteroftheSoutheasternFloridaCompact—thelocalclimate-changecoalitioncomposedofcityofficials,communitymembers,andscientists—islayingoutcityplansonfive-yearcycles.Anythingfurtheroutmayberenderedirrelevantbytherisingseas.

N)"Nobodyknowswhatthingsaregoingtolooklikein50to100years,"saidNicoleHefty,whoheadsupMiami-Dadecounty'sofficeofsustainability."Wecanspeakforsmalleryearsandadaptinthatway."

O)IntheChesapeakeBayarea—aflatregionthat'sbeensinkingatarateof1.1to4.8millimetersperyearsincethe1940s—residentshaverecentlybegunpreparingforthesearisewithalocalpilotprojectinNorfolk,Virginia.Differentworkinggroups—composedofclimatescientists,citizens,andrepresentativesfromgovernmentandtheprivatesector—willdeveloprecommendationsforzoningandconstructionprojectswithaneyeonsea-levelriseandstormsurge.

P)"Thismodelcouldbereplicatedthroughoutthecountry,saysLarryAtkinson,"aprofessorattheCenterforCoastalPhysicalOceanographyinNorfolkwhoconsultsforthepilot.Butbecauseprojectslikethesedependonlocalfundingandorganizing,theycanbechallengingforsomecommunitiestodevelop.

36.Dutton'sprojectreliesonagedphysicalevidence—coralsamples.

37.Regionalresearchhastoaccountforeventswithglobalimplications.

38.Cityplansonfive-yearcyclesisbeinglaidoutbytheMiamichapteroftheSoutheasternFloridaCompact.

39.Theglobalmeansealevelsduring125,000to400,000yearsagopeakedat20-30feetabovepresentrates.

40.Somecommunitieswillhavedifficultiesindevelpingthelocalpilotprojectbecauseoffundingandorganizingproblem.

41.Personagesofallcircleswilldeveloprecommendationsforzoningandconstructioninconsiderationofsea-levelriseandstormsurge.

42.CurrenttemperatureswillbebroughtupbytwotothreedegreesCelsiusinthenextcentury.

43.FourcountiesinsoutheastFloridahaveformedacoalitiontocopesealevelrise.

44.ThecollapseoftheWestAntarcticicesheetcouldcausetheglobalsealevelstoriseupto11feet.

45.Raymosaystheideaofstudyingdeep-timerecordshascaughtonwithintheclimate-researchcommunity.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

RecentlytheOpenUniversityundertookacomprehensiveanddetailedresearchproject.Andtheirevidenceturnsouttoshowthatcompetitionbetweennearbyschoolsdoesnotmeansignificantimprovementinacademicstandards.Infact,theresearchreportevenrevealstheoppositeoutcome;thetestscores,however,mayactuallydeclineinplaceswherethereisfiercestcompetition.

Afewyearsagowhenthefurthereducationsectorwas"privatized",fiercecompetitionbetweencollegesprevails.Andpotentialstudentsinurbanareascanchoosefromseveralcolleges.However,collegeshiredhigh-salariedmarketingdirectorsandofferedthemwithlargebudgets,somecollegeseven"bribed"interestedstudentsatthepromiseofhundredsofpoundsaslongsastheycompletedcertaincoursessatisfactorily.

AfullycompetitivemarketservesasthephilosophicalfoundationofBritain'srecentgovernment.Itwasnowonderthattherewereclaimsthateducationaldevelopmentsofthe1990sespeciallyinsecondaryeducationwoulddevelopstowardsafreemarket,whichgivesyoungstersandtheparentsfreedomtochoosewheretostudy.However,thesecondaryeducationsectordidn'tbecomeaparticularlycompetitiveone.Allowedly,muchmoreinformationhasbeengiventotheconsumers,whichisalsooneofthecharacteristicsofatrulyfreemarket.Itisrarecasethattwonearbyschoolswithseveralemptyplacesaresimilarenoughtobecomparableyetdifferentenoughtoberankable.Thefactisthatwherethishappenscanthereberealcompetition.

TheresearchcarriedoutbyOpenUniversitymightnotbeflawed,buttheconclusionsofithavesomeflaw.Thereasonisthattheresearchgroupdidnotcompareareaswhichhaverealcompetitionwiththeareasthatdonot.

However,donotbesoanxiousandtakeiteasy.Secondaryschoolsrecentlyhadbeguntomovetowardsthemarketingdirection.Theyareconsideringallocatingresourcesofstaffandfundstopersuadestudentsthattheirschoolsareofthebestinthearea.Noschoolscouldaffordtodothatproperly,soitistoourreliefthatthisresearchtellsuswedon'thaveto.

Wehaven'tgottimeforcompetition.Itismuchpracticaltospendourenergyandsmallbudgetinteachingandlearningratherthanincompetingandmarketing.

46.AccordingtotheresearchprojectcarriedoutbytheOpenUniversity,competitionbetweennearbyschools__.

A)improvesstudents'motivationoflearningB)lowerstheacademicperformance

C)meanshigherenrollmentrateD)raisestheacademicstandards

47.Realcompetitioncanonlyoccurwhen__.

A)schoolshaveenoughstaffandfunds

B)academicstandardhasbeenimproved

C)therearecomparableschoolswithdifferenteducationalqualities

D)studentsshowmuchinterestsincourses

48.Whichwaydosomecollegestaketoenhancecompetitiveness?

A)Theyseekhelpfromthegovernment.

B)Theygivestudentsmoneyforregistration.

C)Theyspendmuchmoneyonmarketing.

D)Theycreateafreemarketinsecondaryeducation.

49.Theauthorsaysthatitistoourreliefthat__.

A)mostsecondaryschoolsmovetowardsmarketing

B)thesecondaryschoolshavebeenprovedtobethebestones

C)itisnotnecessaryforschoolstoprovetobethebest

D)secondaryschoolshaveenoughresourcesofstaffandmoney

50.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardscompetitionbetweennearbyschools?

A)Heshowsmuchindifferencetothiscompetition.

B)Heobjectstothecompetitionbetweennearbyschools.

C)Heapprovesofthiscompetition.

D)Hehasdoubtsabouttheoutcomeofthecompetition.

PassageTwo

Facesareuniquesuchasfingerprints.Haveyoueverquestionedwhywecanrecognizepeople?Asskilledasawritercouldbe,itisquitedifficultforhimorhertodescribeallthefeatureswhichdistinguishonefacefromanother.Andaveryyoungchildorevenananimalsuchasapigeonhastheabilitytorecognizefaces.However,weareaccustomedtotakingthisabilityforgranted.

Wecandistinguishonepersonfromanotherbyobservinghowtheybehave.Aswerefertosomeone'spersonality,weusuallymeanthewaysinwhichheorshethinks,feels,speaksandacts.Itisthesethingsthatmaketheindividualdifferentfromothers.

Asamatteroffact,humanpersonalityisalsoveycomplicatedjustasthehumanface.While,comparedwithdescribingsomeone'sface,describinghispersonalityinwordsisalittlebiteasierinsomedegree.Youwillpossiblymeetthedifficultyindescribingwhata"niceface"lookslike.Butifyouareaskedtodescribea"niceperson",thewordssuchas"considerate""kind"and"friendly"wouldcomeintoyourmindquitesensibly.

Therearemanywordsthatcanbeusedtodescribehowapersonthinks,feelsandacts.AndAmericanpsychologistGordonAllportshasfoundthattherearealmost18,000Englishwordsthatcancharacterizethesubtledifferencesinpeople'sbehavior.Manyofuscandescribeortypehispersonalitybyusingthisinformation.Wealsousetermslikebookworms,conservativesandmilitarytypestodescribepeople.

Peoplehavetheinclinationto"type"eachother.Bywearingmasks,actorsinearlyGreekdramatelltheaudiencethatwhethertheyplaytheroleofthevillainorthehero.Infact,thewords"person"and"personality"derivedfromtheLatinword"persona"whichmeans"mask".Eventhoughmostactorsintelevisiondramasandmoviesabandontheusageofmaskstoimplytheirrolesnowadays,wecantellthe"goodguys"fromthe"badguys"veryeasilybyvirtueofthedifferencesintheirappearanceandactions.

51.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A)Howtodescribeone'spersonality.

B)Howtotellgoodguysfrombadguys.

C)Howtorecognizepeoplefromappearance.

D)Howtodistinguishpeoplebothinwardandoutward.

52.Whywillitbemucheasiertodescribeone'spersonalityinwordsthanhisface?

A)Alotofwordscanbeusedtodescribeone'spersonality.

B)Aperson'sfaceismorecomplicatedthanhispersonality.

C)Peopleusuallyhavesamepersonality.

D)Aperson'spersonalityisverydistinctive.

53.Whatdoestheword"type"inthelastparagraphmean?

A)Distinguish.B)Describe.C)Recognize.D)Classify.

54.Accordingtothepassage,peoplecanclassifyapersonintoacertaintypeonthebasisof__.

A)hiswayoffeelingandactingB)hiswayofthinkingandspeaking

C)hisappearanceandbehaviorD)hislearningandintuition

55.Theauthorofthispassageispossiblya__.

A)writerB)behavioristC)sociologistD)psychologist

PartIVTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

风筝，源于中国，有着现代飞机之先驱的美誉。其产生及应用为科学技术的发展和飞机的生产做出了重大贡献。世界上第一架飞机的形状就是借由风筝的造型而来。中国最早的风筝是用木头制作而成，其历史最早可以追溯到两千年前的战国时期(theWarringStatesPeriod)。纸发明问世后，人们开始用这一新材料来制作风筝。早期的风筝主要用于军事。据史料记载，当时的风筝尺寸很大，甚至可以大到把人带到空中来侦查敌人的行动。

答案解析

PartIWriting

行文思路

这篇作文所围绕的话题是整形现象。首先可以就整形现象越来越普遍的趋势进行简要阐述，然后分析列举这一现象出现的原因，最后说说自己对整形的看法或建议。

范文赏析

Moreandmoreartificialbeautiescanbeseeninoudailylifeinrecentyears.Thatmeansthatnotonlymanyactresseshaveplasticsurgeries,ordinarywomenarealsocrazyaboutthisupsurge.Underthetemptationofbecomingmorebeautiful,theyfinallygiveintotheirdesiresandchangesomepartsoftheirbodies.

Whydoestheplasticsurgeryprevail?Thefirstfactoristheadvancementofshapingtechniqueswhichmakesthesuccessprobabilityofplasticsurgeriesincreaserapidly.Thuspeoplestarttobelieveinplasticsurgeriesandacceptthem.Anotherfactorshouldbeattributedtotheimprovementofourlivingstandard.Nowadayspeoplehavemoremoneysoastopursuebeauty.

Inmyopinion,plasticsurgeryhasitscertainnecessityespeciallyinmodernsociety.Bygivingsomepeopleabeautifulfaceorfigure,plasticsurgeriescanhelppeoplebecomemoreconfident.However,weshouldbeawareofthedangerousnessofthem.Inaddition,plasticsurgeriesonlybringbeautytotheappearanceandtheinnerbeautyismoreimportant.Henceweshouldthinktwicebeforehavingaplasticsurgery.

PartIIListeningComprehension

SectionA

NewsReportOne

AgroupofBritishpoliticianswhoarecampaigningfortheUKtoleavetheEuropeanUnionhavewrittentopresidentObama,askinghimnottointerfereinthedebate.Mr.ObamawantsBritaintostayintheEU.AreferendumonBritain'smembershiptakesplaceinJune.KeithDoylereports.

TheletterwhichhasbeensenttotheWhiteHousewarnsthepresidentthatinterferingintheissuewouldbeanunfortunatemilestoneattheendofhisterminoffice.TheMPsincludingKateHoeyforLaborandtheToryPeterBonesayitisunderstandableforMr.ObamatospeakoutintheinterestoftheUSbuttheyinsistitisimperativethatBritishvotersareallowedtodecidethereferendumissueforthemselves.

1.Whatdoesthenewsreporttalkabout?

答案：D)Mr.ObamaisfacedwiththechoicewhethertointerfereinBritain'smembershipoftheEU.

点睛解析：本题为主旨大意题。A、B、C选项均为具体细节。D选项概括总结了奥巴马面临着是否干预英国在欧盟中去留问题的选择，所以选D。

2.WhatisMr.Obama'sintention?

答案：B)HehopesthatBritaincanstayintheEU.

点睛解析：本题为细节考查题。询问的是奥巴马对此事的打算，听力原文中提到"Mr.ObamawantsBritaintostayintheEU."与B选项吻合，所以选B。

NewsReportTwo

ThetwocontendersfortheDemocraticParty'spresidentialnominationintheUS,BernieSandersandHillaryClinton,havearguedfiercelyovertheirrecordsinthelatestteleviseddebate.TheyalsoclashedontheirimmigrationpoliciesasLauraBickerreportsfromWashington.

Thecandidatesfacedtoughquestionsonimmigration.Theybothagreedthattheywouldnotdeportchildrenorimmigrantswithoutcriminalrecordsandtheyarebothinfavorofapathtocitizenship.HillaryClintonwasalsoaskedaboutpollingwhichsuggestsvotersthinksheisnottrustworthy.Shesaiditwasobviouslypainfulforhertohear.AndsheisnotanaturalpoliticianlikeherhusbandorBarackObama.Butshehopedpeoplecouldseeshewasfightingforthem.

3.Whichoneisthetoughquestionthatthetwocontendersfacedwith?

答案：C)Immigration.

点睛解析：本题为细节考查题。问的是，两位竞争对手面临的尖锐问题是什么。听力原文中提到Thecandidatesfacedtoughquestionsonimmigration.所以选C。

4.ForHillaryClinton,whatdosethepollingsuggest?

答案：B)Votersthinkthatsheisnotreliable.

点睛解析：本题为细节考查题。问的是，对于希拉里来说，投票说明了什么问题。听力原文中提到，HillaryClintonwasalsoaskedaboutpollingwhichsuggestsvotersthinksheisnottrustworthy.B项题干中的reliable和本句中的trustworthy意思相同，选B。

NewsReportThree

PresidentErdoganofTurkeyhaspromisedarelentlessfightagainstterrorismafteracarbombkilledatleast34peopleinthecenterofAnkara.It'sthethirdsuchattackinthecapitalinrecentmonths.Mr.ErdogansaidterrorgroupsweretargetingciviliansbecausetheywerelosingthebattleagainsttheTurkishsecurityforces.MarkLowenisourcorrespondentinTurkey.TheblasttorethroughtheheartoftheTurkishcapital.Acarpackedwithexplosiveshadbeendetonatedclosetoabusytransporthub.ItcomesjusttwodaysaftertheUSembassyinAnkarawarnedofapossibleterrorattack.Nogrouphasyetsaiditwasbehindthisblast,butgovernmentsourcesarepointingtotheKurdishguerrillasthePKKoranoffshoot.AsTurkeyhasjoinedthecoalitionagainstIS,thisoncestablecorneroftheMiddleEastnowfacestwinthreats.TonightinTurkeythereisgrief,butalsofearaboutwhenthiswaveofattacksmightend.

5.Howmanypeoplewerekilledduringthecarbomb?

答案：B)34.

点睛解析：本题为细节考查题，问的是汽车爆炸事件中的死亡人数。听力原文中提到...afteracarbombkilledatleast34peopleinthecenterofAnkara.由此可知是34人，所以选B。

6.WhathasthepresidentofTurkeypromisedtodoaftertheterrorism?

答案：A)Hewilltakemeasurestofightagainstittoughly.

点睛解析：本题为细节分析题，问的是土耳其总统在恐怖事件发生后的态度。听力原文中第一句提到PresidentErdoganofTurkeyhaspromisedarelentlessfightagainstterrorismafteracarbombkilledatleast34peopleinthecenterofAnkara.与此题相关的是haspromisedarelentlessfightagainstterrorism，说明他要做的是不遗余力地打击恐怖分子，所以选A。

7.Whydidtheterrorgroupstargetatthecivilians?

答案：C)TheterrorgroupsweredefeatedbytheTurkishsecurityforces.

点睛解析：本题为细节考查题。问的是恐怖组织把目标放在平民百姓身上的原因。听力原文中提到Mr.ErdogansaidterrorgroupsweretargetingciviliansbecausetheywerelosingthebattleagainsttheTurkishsecurityforces.由此可知，是因为他们在与土耳其安全部队交战中失利，所以选C。

SectionB

ConversationOne

W:Oh,God.Ihavetochangetoanotherjob.Thepresentjobmakesmefeelmucheconomicpressures.

M:Really?It'ssuchacoincidence.Isawawantadintoday'snewspaperjustnow.

W:That'sgreat.Whatisthejob?Justtellme.

M:Justamoment.Letmefinditout.Uh,theGrantHotelisrecruitingalobbymanager.

W:TheGrantHotelattheFuturePlaza?

M:That'stheveryhotel!Theyarelookingforsomeonewhoisqualifiedasthelobbymanager.

W:Ithinkthatadegreeinhotelmanagementisrequired.Well,mymajorinuniversitywasalsohotelmanagement.What'smore,Ihavebeenworkinginhotelindustryforalmostthreeyears.Dotheyhaveotherrequirements?

M:Theyhopethatthejobseekerisquickbothinthoughtandmovement.Andgoodcommunicationskillsandleadershipskillsarealsoimportantfactorstoconsider.

W:Ishouldgraspthischance.Throughthesethreeyears,Ihaveimprovedmyprofessionalproficiency,whichincludestheskillstheyrequiredforacapablelobbymanager.AndIhaveconfidencethatIcandobetter.Havetheymentionedthesalary?Mypurposeofjob-hoppingistoearnmuchmoremoney.

M:Theyhaven'twrittenaboutthespecificnumber.Itdependsonthejobseeker'spersonalability.Buttheyalsoprovidealotofextrabenefits.Youcanhavealookyourself.

W:Wow,theyhavesocialsecurityaswellaspromotionchannel.It'sreallyawesome.Honestlyspeaking,Iamtempted.

8.Whydoesthewomanwanttochangeherjob?

答案：C)Shewantstoearnmoremoney.

点睛解析：本题为推理题，听力原文开头提到想换工作，紧接着说Thepresentjobmakesmefeelmucheconomicpressures.结尾处也提到Mypurposeofjob-hoppingistoearnmuchmoremoney.所以选C。

9.Whatisthejobtitlethatthewantadcarries?

答案：B)Alobbymanager.

点睛解析：本题为细节考查题，问的是招聘广告中的职位，听力原文中提到Uh,theGrantHotelisrecruitingalobbymanager.由此可知职位是大堂经理，所以选B。

10.WhichoneisNOTtherequirementfortheposition?

答案：D)Teamworkspirit.

点睛解析：本题为细节考查+逻辑推理题，问哪一项不是该职位的要求。A、B、C项在听力原文中均有提到，因此选D。

11.Whichwilldecidethesalaryofthejobseeker?

答案：B)Theindividualabilitytowork.

点睛解析：本题为细节考查题，问的是决定求职者工资水平的因素。听力原文中提到Itdependsonthejobseeker'spersonalability.由此可知，该酒店大堂经理工资的高低取决其个人的能力，所以选B。

ConversationTwo

M:Goodmorning,ProfessorHarry.

W:Goodmorning,James.Okay,let'sgettothepoint.What'stheproblemthatyouhavethistime?

M:Oh,it'saboutthewritingassignment.Ifinditdoesn'tcomeoutright.AndwhatIplannedtowriteaboutistheparticularsportsmodethatItookpartinbefore.

W:Soundsgreat.Whatisit?

M:It'scross-countryskiing.Yes,Ichosethisasthetopicofmywritingassignment.

W:Well,whatareyougoingtosayaboutitinyourpaper?

M:ThatisalsowhatIamthinkingaboutnow.Myoriginalideawastdescribethepeacefulnessthatcanbeexperiencedwhenoneisoutinthecountry.

W:Isthataproblemforyoutowritelikethis?

M:Tobehonest,it'shardtocentralizeonthetopicallthetime.AsIstartmywriting,truthisthat,Icannothelpmentioningtheeffortsthatshouldbespentinordertoenjoythestateofthepeacefulness.Andcross-countryskiingisnotaseasyaswehaveimaginedbefore.Wehavetoinvestinalotofenergy.Asthisisnotpartofmypaper,Ithinkitwillbebettertoleaveitout.Asinthefollowing,IhavenoideahowtoexpressthestateofpeacefulnessifIdon'texplainhowhardweshoulddotoenjoyit.Itseemsasifthetwothingsmingletogether.

W:That'seasy.Youcannotseparatethemfromeachother.Thepeacefulnessthatyoucanexperienceisearnedbyyourowneffort.Thereisnoneedtoleavethepartofeffortout.Itisverycommonthatyoudiscovernewpointsaswritinggoeson.

M:Yes,Ithinkyou'reright.

12.Whichoneisthetopicoftheman'spaper?

答案：A)Asportsmodethathetookpartin.

点睛解析：本题为主旨大意题，听力原文中提到AndwhatIplannedtowriteaboutistheparticularsportsmodethatItookpartinbefore.与此对应的是A选项，所以选A。

13.Whatistheproblemthemanisfacedwithduringthewriting?

答案：D)Heisnotsurewhethertheeffortpartofskiingshouldbeincluded.

点睛解析：本题为细节分析题，听力原文中提到Asthisisnotpartofmypaper,Ithinkitwillbebettertoleaveitout.Asinthefollowing,IhavenoideahowtoexpressthestateofpeacefulnessifIdon'texplainhowhardweshoulddotoenjoyit.由此可知，作者是不确定是否要写享受滑雪的宁静需付出努力这一部分，所以选D。

14.Whydoesthemansaythatcross-countryskiingisdifficult?

答案：A)Muchenergyshouldbeinvestedinit.

点睛解析：本题为细节考查题，问的是该运动困难的原因，听力原文中提到Andcross-countryskiingisnotaseasyaswehaveimaginedbefore.Wehavetoinvestinalotofenergy.因此A项符合题意，其他选项并未提及，所以选A。

15.Accordingtothewoman,whatisthecommonthingwhenonewritespapers?

答案：B)Newpointscomeintomind.

点睛解析：本题为细节分析题，听力原文的结尾处提到Itisverycommonthatyoudiscovernewpointsaswritinggoeson.与此相对应的是B选项，因此选B。

SectionC

PassageOne

Generallyspeaking,thespeechdeliverystyleofAsiansandEuropeansispronetobeformal.Speakersfromtheseculturesareaccustomedtoreadingoralreportfromwell-writtenmanualscripts.Andwhat'smore,Americanspeakersseemtobemuchmoreinformalwhencomparedwithspeakersfromothercultures.WhattheAmericanaudiencesexpectisanaturalandspontaneousdeliverywhichcanexpressoutthelivelysenseofcommunication.Inotherwords,theyseldomresonatewellwiththespeakerswhosimplyandmechanicallyreadfromamanuscript.Butthingswillbedifferentifyouturntoanoutlineofyourideasratherthanacut-and-driedtext.I'msurethatyourspeechwillsoundmuchmorenaturalthen.Inaddition,itwillbemucheasierforyoutokeepyourlisteners'attentionfocusedandbuildabetterrelationshipwiththem.Thelanguageandstyleyouemploywhenmakinganoralreportisquitedifferentfromthelanguageandstyleyouemploywhenwriting.Well-writtenscriptwhichisplannedtobereadoftenfailstoachievethedesiredeffectwhenitisheard.Soitisnecessaryforyoutorearrangethewrittentextsoroutlinesforreports.Goodspeakersaremuchmoreinformalwhentheyarespeakingthanwhentheyarewriting.Theyexpresstheiropinionswiththeirownwordsandtheyalsodeveloptheiruniquespeakingstyles.Theyprefertouseshortwordswheneverpossible.Thus,thelistenersareappreciatedwhensimple,everydaywordsareusedinthereport.Oneoftheadvantagesisspeakerscanpronounceshortwordseasilyandcorrectly.Anotheradvantageisthatlongandcomplicatedwordswillimpedethelisteningoftheaudience.

16.WhatdoestheAmericanaudienceexpect?

答案：B)Anaturalandspontaneousspeechdeliverystyle.

点睛解析：选项都是与演讲相关的名词短语，可推知此题与演讲有关。听力原文提到WhattheAmericanaudiencesexpectisanaturalandspontaneousdeliverywhich...，说明美国听众想要听到的是比较自然的演讲形式，A、C和D项均未提及，选B。

17.Howtomakethingsdifferentifaudienceseldomresonateswithspeakers?

答案：C)Arrangeanoutlineofideas.

点睛解析：本题为细节考查题，听力原文中提到如果只是简单机械地读手稿，这样观众很少会产生共鸣，接着又说Butthingswillbedifferentifyouturntoanoutlineofyourideasratherthanacut-and-driedtext.由此可知，D项可以排除，解决这一问题的方法是组织一下自己的想法，A项文中并未提及，B项与问题无关，所以选C。

18.Whatshouldbepaidattentiontowhenonemakesanoralreport?

答案：D)Thedifferenceinlanguageandstylebetweenspeakingandwriting.

点睛解析：本题为逻辑推理题，听力原文中并没有明确提到做口头报告时需要注意什么，但是提到了Thelanguageandstyleyouemploywhenmakinganoralreportisquitedifferentfromthelanguageandstyleyouemploywhenwriting.D项也是说“口头与书面语体的不同”。所以选D，A、B和C项在原文中并未提及。

PassageTwo

Theassumptionofcontrollingnoisebymeansofmakingmorenoisemaysoundveryabsurd,asamatteroffact,thatiswhatmotorengineersaredoingnow.Nowithasbeenprovedbyautomakers'researchanddevelopmentlaboratoriesthatmixinginmorenoisewiththeloudspeakerscanhelpreducetheundesirednoise.

Whatissound?Soundismadeupofpressurewavesintheair.Iftwowaveswhichareofthesamefrequencymixsothatthehighestpointofonewavehappensatthesametimeasthelowestpointofanotherwave,thentheresultthatcomesoutisnosound.Hencewecankilltheundesirednoisebyproducingagoodcopyofthenoiseanddelayingitbyhalfawavecycle.Nowmanyautomakersarestrivingtogetaheadstartandusethistechniquetodevelopthenoise-killingsystemsbothinsideandoutsidethecars.

Anotheradvantageofusingthenoise-killingsystemisthatitcanservetheneedforasilencer.Thustheweightofthecarwillbereducedandthemotorwillburnlessoilandfunctionmuchbetteraswell,whichturnsouttobeefficientandenergy-saving.

Someengineersholdthebeliefthatnoise-killingsystemswillbeappliedtomostcarsintheverynearfuture.Buttheautomakershaven'tmadeuptheirmindwhethertoputthenoise-killingsystemintoproductionasanotherseveralhundreddollarswouldbeaddedtothecostofthecars.

19.Whichwayhasbeenprovedtoreducetheundesirednoiseofcars?

答案：D)Tomixinmorenoisewiththehelpofloudspeakers.

点睛解析：本题为细节考查题，问的是已经经过证明的、有效减少汽车噪音的方法。听力原文中提到Ithasbeenprovedbytheautomakers'researchanddevelopmentlaboratoriesthatmixinginmorenoisewiththeloudspeakers'helpcanreducetheundesirednoise.由此可知D项符合题意，所以选D。

20.Whatisanotheradvantageofthenoise-killingsystem?

答案：C)Makeacarmuchlighter.

点睛解析：本题为细节考查题，问的是减少噪音系统的另外一个优势。听力原文中提到Anotheradvantageofusingnoise-killingsystemisthatitcansavetheneedforasilencer.因此可以排除D项；接着Thustheweightofthecarwillbereduced...，由此可知汽车重量减轻了，与C项表达的意思相符；...whethertoputthenoise-killingsystemintoproductionasanotherseveralhundreddollarswouldbeaddedtothecostofthecars.因此可以排除A项；B项为其主要作用，可以排除。所以选C。

21.Whyhasthenoise-killingsystemnotbeenputintoproduction?

答案：B)Itwillincreasethecostofcarproduction.

点睛解析：本题问的是，减少噪音系统为什么仍未被投入生产。听力原文中提到Buttheautomakershaven'tmadeuptheirmindwhethertoputthenoise-killingsystemintoproductionasanotherseveralhundreddollarswouldbeaddedtothecostofthecars.由此可知，原因是使用减少噪音系统会增加汽车的成本，所以选B。

PassageThree

Doyougotolargesupermarketsfrequently?Iftheanswerisyes,youmusthavenoticedthatalmosteverythinginthesupermarketisinacontainer.Mostfoodevenincludingfreshmeatisplacedincontainers.Andtheonlyfooditemswhicharenotincontainersshouldbefreshfruitandvegetables.Actually,itisnoexaggerationtosaythatalmosteverythingthereisinabox,acan,abottle,abag,abasket,ajaroracarton.

Itisnecessarytoadoptthiskindofpackagingsysteminlargesupermarkets.Aslargequantitiesofvariousproductsareboughtfromsuppliers,theymustbewellprotectedduringthetransportationprocess.Furthermore,theproductshavetositonshelvesforaverylongperiodoftimeinmostoccasions.Therefore,containerscomeintoplay.Intermsofitsfunction,containeshaveanotherimportantroletoplay.Theycanworkasthecarriersofinformationabouteachproductwhichincludesitsnames,weights,materialsoringredients,andsometimespicturesoftheproduct.Thesekindsofinformationareusuallyprintedonlabelsordirectlyonthecontainers.

Butthereisonethingtothinkaboutalittle.Webasicallycannotseemostofthethingsthatwebuyinthesupermarketuntilwegetbackhomeandopenthecontainers.Wegetusedtolookingatthelabelsonthecontainerswhenwegoshopping.Wehavenochoice,buttodoso.Ifthecontainerismadeoftransparentmaterialsuchasglassorclearplastic,however,wecanseealittlebitoftheproduct.Butcontainersusuallycompletelyhidetheproducts.Andweshoppersmustputourtrustinthelabels.

22.Whichproductinlargesupermarketsisnotsoldincontainers?

答案：C)Freshfruit.

点睛解析：听力原文中提到Andtheonlyfooditemswhicharenotincontainersshouldbefreshfruitandvegetables.说明只有新鲜的水果和蔬菜是不需要包装的，所以选C。听到only一词应特别注意，这里可能就是出题点。

23.Whichoneisnotthereasonwhysupermarketsadoptthepackagingsystemofcontainers?

答案：D)Itcancreatemoreeconomicprofits.

点睛解析：听力原文中第二段针对超市采取这一包装给出了这样做的必要理由，其中A、B、C项都有提到，D项并未提及，所以选D。

24.Whichoneisthefunctionofcontainers?

答案：C)Togiveinformationofproducts.

点睛解析：本题为细节考查题，问的是包装的功能。听力原文中提到Intermsofitsfunction,containershaveanotherimportantroletoplay.Theycanworkasthecarriersofinformationabouteachproductwhichincludesitsnames,weights,materialsoringredients,andsometimespicturesoftheproduct.与C选项表达的意思一致，所以选C。

25.Whichoneisthereasonwhywetrustlabels?

答案：C)Becausewecanhardlyseetheactualproducts.

点睛解析：本题为细节考查题，听力原文中提到Ifthecontainerismadeoftransparentmaterialsuchasglassorclearplastic,however,wecanseealittlebitoftheproduct.和Butcontainersusuallycompletelyhidetheproducts.Andweshoppersmustputourtrustinthelabels.由此分析得知，购物者相信标签的原因是，产品被包装包裹得很严实，即使是用玻璃或透明的塑料包装，我们也只能看到其中一小部分，因此很少能看到实物，所以选C。

PartIIIReadingComprehension

SectionA

26.答案：D)different

点睛解析：空格后为名词behaviors，由此可知应选形容词。结合关键词males,females，以及上下文，尤其是下文中的thesedifferentbehaviors，可以推断出男人和女人有着不同的行为，所以选D，表示“不同的”。

27.答案：J)structures

点睛解析：空格后为并列连词and，后面又有名词activities，由此可以推断此处是与activities一词并列的名词，并可以与brain搭配，只有structures一词合适，所以选J，表示“构造，结构”。

28.答案：A)hitting

点睛解析：空格前为介词in，而且后面还有andsolving的结构，由此可以推断此处是及物动词的动名词形式，空格后是名词targets，与targets一词相搭配的动词只有hitting，说明男人比较善于击中目标。

29.答案：K)commonly

点睛解析：空格前为主语men，空格后为谓语动词rely，由此可以推断出此处应选副词，作rely的状语。本句说明的是男人和女人在用脑方面的区别，因此equally不符合语境，而且...onthebasisofatest...说明这种区别是经过实验证明的，并不是推测，因此排除possibly，选commonly“通常地”。

30.答案：N)evolved

点睛解析：此处应选动词，并且根据ancienttimes确定用过去式，该动词作句中第一个that引导的宾语从句的谓语。本句要表达的意思是，男女用脑方式的差异是从远古时代发展而来的，由此可以推断evolved一词合适，意为“发展”。

31.答案：C)aim

点睛解析：此处应选名词，作have的宾语。上文中提到cavemenhunted，以及男人善于hittingtargets，男人狩猎就要擅长瞄准目标，因此aim“目标”一词合适。

32.答案：M)equally

点睛解析：此处应选副词，用来修饰形容词capable。根据语境，eventhough引导的从句应与主句表达相反的意思，结合句意，equally一词最为合适。

33.答案：B)location

点睛解析：此处应选名词，根据下文中的theircarinaparkinglot以及findthecar可以推断出应该是就停车场中汽车停放的位置进行了争论，因此选择location“位置”。

34.答案：H)depends

点睛解析：此处应选可与介词on搭配使用的动词，而且还要体现第三人称单数的形式。本句中的andatthesametime之前的分句表明男人通常依靠空间感，与此同时女人依靠辨认地标，各选项中表示“依靠”的词只有depends。

35.答案：G)outcome

点睛解析：此处应选名词，根据上下文推断，本句要表达的意思是“结果是两人都找到了汽车”，在各选项中表示“结局，结果”的词是outcome。

SectionB

36.答案：I

点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的归纳概括，根据关键词Dutton,project,agedphysicalevidence和coralsamples可定位至I段。

37.答案：E

点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的考查，根据关键词regionalresearch,accountforeventswithglobalimplications可以定位至E段。

38.答案：M

点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的归纳概括，根据关键词theMiamichapteroftheSoutheasternFloridaCompact和Cityplansonfive-yearcycles可以定位至M段。

39.答案：B

点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的考查，根据关键词125,000to400,000yearsago,globalmeansealevels,peakedat20-30feetabovepresentrates可定位至B段。

40.答案：P

点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的归纳概括，根据关键词fundingandorganizingproblem可以定位至P段的最后一句，其中challenging与该题干表述中的havedifficulties意思相同。

41.答案：O

点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的归纳概括，根据关键词developrecommendationsforzoningandconstruction和sea-levelriseandstormsurge可以定位至O段中的最后一句。

42.答案：H

点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的归纳概括，根据关键词Currenttemperatures,twotothreedegreesCelsius和nextcentury可定位至H段。

43.答案：D

点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的考查，根据关键词Fourcounties,insoutheastFlorida以及formedacoalition可定位至D段。

44.答案：F

点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的考查，根据关键词ThecollapseoftheWestAntarcticicesheet,globalsealevels,upto11feet可以定位至F段。

45.答案：L

点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的考查，根据关键词Raymo，以及关键语句theideaofstudyingdeep-timerecordshascaughtonwithintheclimate-researchcommunity，可定位至L段。

SectionC

PassageOne

46.答案：B)lowerstheacademicperformance

点睛解析：将答案范围定位至第一段，其中提到competitionbetweennearbyschoolsdoesnotmeansignificantimprovementinacademicstandards，因此排除D项。Infact,theresearchreportevenrevealstheoppositeoutcome;thetestscores,however,mayactuallydeclineinplaceswherethereisfiercestcompetition.该表述与B项符合，所以选B。

47.答案：C)therearecomparableschoolswithdifferenteducationalqualities

点睛解析：可将答案范围定位至第三段，其中段落末尾提到Itisrarecasethattwonearbyschoolswithseveralemptyplacesaresimilarenoughtobecomparableyetdifferentenoughtoberankable.Thefactisthatwherethishappenscanthereberealcompetition.由此可知C项符合，所以选C。

48.答案：C)Theyspendmuchmoneyonmarketing.

点睛解析：问的是大学为了提高竞争力采取了什么样的方法。文章第二段中提到大学花重金聘请营销经理，并用奖学金诱惑学生这两种形式，各选项中只有C项符合，所以选C。

49.答案：C)itisnotnecessaryforschoolstoprovetobethebest

点睛解析：将答案范围定位至倒数第二段中的...topersuadestudentsthattheirschoolsareofthebestinthearea.Noschoolscouldaffordtodothatproperly,soitistoourreliefthatthisresearchtellsuswedon'thaveto.其中wedon'thaveto为承前省略，省略了theirschoolsareofthebestinthearea，因此C项符合题意，所以选C。

50．答案：B)Heobjectstothecompetitionbetweennearbyschools.

点睛解析：本题问的是作者对学校间竞争所持的态度。文章指出这种竞争并没有提高学术水平或者建立起真正的市场，最后一段中还说没有时间进行竞争，把精力和时间花在教学上更加实际，由此推断作者持反对的态度，所以选B。

PassageTwo

51.答案：D)Howtodistinguishpeoplebothinwardandoutward.

点睛解析：本题为主旨大意题，文章从外表(face)和个性(personality)两方面着手来讨论如何区分不同的人，只有D项符合要求，是对这两方面进行了完整的概括总结，所以选D。

52.答案：A)Alotofwordscanbeusedtodescribeone'spersonality.

点睛解析：根据题干把答案范围定位在第三段，文中提到While,comparedwithdescribingsomeone'sface,describinghispersonalityinwordsisalittlebiteasierinsomedegree.因此排除B项，接着又说描述一个人的面貌时会遇到困难，但是描述人的个性时脑海中就会出现很多词，由此可知A项符合原文中的表达，C和D项并未提及，所以选A。

53.答案：D)classify

点睛解析：本题为词义分析题，type一词所在的句子是结尾段的中心句，其词义可根据后面的句子来推断，其中提到在戏剧中区分“好人”和“坏人”，可以推测type有“分类，归类”的意思，只有classify贴近词义，所以选D。

54.答案：C)hisappearanceandbehavior

点睛解析：本题为分析推理题，根据题干中的关键词type定位至最后一段，其中最后一句提到byvirtueofthedifferencesintheirappearanceandactions，与C项中的表达相对应，所以选C。

55.答案：D)psychologist

点睛解析：本题为分析推理题，文章主要讨论的话题是“如何对不同的人进行区分”，还出现了美国心理学家以及一些心理学相关词汇如act,feel,personality等，因此推断本文的作者很可能也是一位心理学家，所以选D。

PartIVTranslation

参考译文

KiteoriginatesfromChina.Ithasthereputationoftheforerunnerofmodernaeroplane.Theappearanceandapplicationofkitehasmadegreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyaswellastotheproductionofaeroplanes.Thefirstairplaneintheworldwasjustshapedafterthekite.TheearliestkiteinChinawasmadeofwood,andthehistoryofwhichcandatebacktotheWarringStatesPeriod,whichisalmosttwomillenniafarfromnow.Kitesbegantobemadeofnewmaterialaftertheinventionofpaper.Kitesinearlystageweremainlyusedinmilitary.Historicaldatarecordsthatthekiteswereinverylargesizethenandevenlargeenoughtotakepeopleuptotheskytoobserveenemymovements.