2015年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(卷1)
2015年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(卷1)
PartIWriting
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthencommentonthekid'sunderstandingofgoingtoschool.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
"WhyamIgoingtoschoolifmyphonealreadyknowseverything?"
PartIIListeningComprehension
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andDanddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
1.A.Hewillgivethewomansometipsonthegame.
B.Thewomanhasagoodreasontoquitthegame.
C.Heiswillingtoplaychesswiththewoman.
D.Thewomanshouldgoonplayingchess.
2.A.ThemancanforwardthemailtoMary.B.ShecancallMarytotakecareofthemail.
C.MaryprobablyknowsSally'snewaddress.D.ShewouldliketoresumecontactwithSally.
3.A.Hishandwritinghasauniquestyle.B.Hisnotesarenoteasytoread.
C.Hedidnotattendtoday'sclass.D.Heisverypleasedtobeabletohelp.
4.A.Themanhadbetterchooseanotherrestaurant.
B.Thenewrestaurantisaperfectplacefordating.
C.Thenewrestaurantcaughtherfancyimmediately.
D.Themanhasgoodtasteinchoosingtherestaurant.
5.A.Hehasbeenlookingforwardtospring.B.Hehasbeenwaitingforthewintersale.
C.Hewillcleanthewoman'sbootsforspring.D.Hewillhelpthewomanputthingsaway.
6.A.Thewomanisratherforgetful.
B.Themanappreciatesthewoman'shelp.
C.Themanoftenlendsbookstothewoman.
D.Thewomanoftenworksovertimeatweekends.
7.A.Gotoworkonfoot.B.Takeasightseeingtrip.
C.Startworkearlierthanusual.D.Takeawalkwhentheweatherisnice.
8.A.Theplaneisgoingtolandatanotherairport.
B.Allflightshavebeendelayedduetobadweather.
C.Temporaryclosinghasdisturbedtheairport'soperation.
D.Theairport'smanagementisinrealneedofimprovement.
Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
9.A.Itspecializesinsafetyfromleaks.B.ItisheadquarteredinLondon.
C.IthasapartnershipwithLCP.D.Ithasachemicalprocessingplant.
10.A.HeisMr.Grand'sfriend.B.Heisasafetyinspector.
C.Heisasalesman.D.Heisachemist.
11.A.Directorofthesafetydepartment.B.Mr.Grand'spersonalassistant.
C.Headofthepersonaldepartment.D.Thepublicrelationsofficer.
12.A.WaitforMr.Grandtocallback.B.LeaveamessageforMr.Grand.
C.Providedetailsoftheirproductsandservices.
D.Sendacomprehensivedescriptionoftheirwork.
Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
13.A.ShelearnedplayingtheviolinfromafamousFrenchmusician.
B.ShedreamedofworkingandlivinginaEuropeancountry.
C.ShereadalotaboutEuropeanmusiciansandtheirmusic.
D.ShelistenedtorecordingsofmanyEuropeanorchestras.
14.A.Shebegantakingviolinlessonsasasmallchild.
B.ShewasapupilofafamousEuropeanviolinist.
C.Shegaveherfirstperformancewithherfather.
D.Shebecameaprofessionalviolinistatfifteen.
15.A.Itgaveherachancetoexplorethecity.B.Itwasthechanceofalifetime.
C.Itwasagreatchallengetoher.D.IthelpedherlearnclassicalFrenchmusic.
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.A.Therearemysteriousstoriesbehindhisworks.
B.Therearemanymisunderstandingsabouthim.
C.Hisworkshavenomatchworldwide.
D.Hispersonalhistoryislittleknown.
17.A.HemovedtoStratford-on-Avoninhischildhood.
B.Hefailedtogobeyondgrammarschool.
C.Hewasamemberofthetowncouncil.
D.Heonceworkedinawell-knownactingcompany.
18.A.Writersofhistimehadnomeanstoprotecttheirworks.
B.Possiblesourcesofcluesabouthimwerelostinafire.
C.Hisworkswereadaptedbeyondrecognition.
D.Peopleofhistimehadlittleinterestinhim.
PassageTwo
Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.A.Theft.B.Cheating.C.Aircrash.D.Roadaccidents.
20.A.Learnthelocalcustoms.B.Makehotelreservations.
C.Bookticketswellinadvance.D.Havetherightdocuments.
21.A.Contactyouragent.B.Getaliftifpossible.
C.Useofficialtransport.D.Haveafriendmeetyou.
PassageThree
Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.A.Cutdownproductioncost.B.Sellinexpensiveproducts.
C.Specialiseingoldornaments.D.Refinethetasteofhisgoods.
23.A.Atanationalpressconference.B.Duringalivetelevisioninterview.
C.Duringalocalsalespromotioncampaign.D.AtameetingoftopBritishbusinesspeople.
24.A.Insulted.B.Puzzled.C.Distressed.D.Discouraged.
25.A.Thewordsofsomebusinesspeoplearejustrubbish.
B.Hewhoneverlearnsfromthepastisboundtofail.
C.Thereshouldbealimittoone'ssenseofhumour.
D.Heisnotlaughedat,thatlaughsathimselffirst.
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.
Lookingatthebasicbiologicalsystems,theworldisnotdoingverywell.Yeteconomicindicatorsshowtheworldis(26).Despiteaslowstartatthebeginningoftheeighties,globaleconomicoutputincreasedbymorethanafifthduringthe(27).Theeconomygrew,tradeincreased,andmillionsofnewjobswerecreated.Howcanbiologicalindicatorsshowthe(28)ofeconomicindicators?
Theansweristhattheeconomicindicatorshaveabasicfault:theyshownodifferencebetweenresourceusesthat(29)progressandthoseusesthatwillhurtit.Themainmeasureofeconomicprogressisthegrossnationalproduct(GNP).(30),thistotalsthevalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedandsubtractslossinvalueoffactoriesandequipment.Developedahalf-centuryago,GNPhelped(31)acommonwayamongcountriesofmeasuringchangeineconomicoutput.Forsometime,thisseemedtowork(32)well,butseriousweaknessesarenowappearing.Asindicatedearlier,GNPincludeslossinvalueoffactoriesandequipment,butitdoesnot(33)thelossofnaturalresources,includingnonrenewableresourcessuchasoilorrenewableresourcessuchasforests.
Thisbasicfaultcanproducea(34)senseofnationaleconomichealth.AccordingtoGNP,forexample,countriesthatovercutforestsactuallydobetterthanthosethatpreservetheirforests.Thetreescutdownarecountedasincomebutnosubtractionismadefor(35)theforests.
PartⅢReadingComprehension
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
TheU.S.DepartmentofEducationismakingeffortstoensurethatallstudentshaveequalaccesstoaqualityeducation.Todayitis(36)thelaunchoftheExcellentEducatorsforAllInitiative.Theinitiativewillhelpstatesandschooldistrictssupportgreateducatorsforthestudentswhoneedthemmost.
"Allchildrenare(37)toahigh-qualityeducationregardlessoftheirrace,zipcodeorfamilyincome.Itis(38)importantthatweprovideteachersandprincipalsthesupporttheyneedtohelpstudentsreachtheirfull(39),"U.S.SecretaryofEducationArneDuncansaid."Despitetheexcellentworkanddeep(40)ofournation'steachersandprincipals,studentsinhigh-poverty,high-minorityschoolsareunfairlytreatedacrossourcountry.Wehavetodobetter.Localleadersandeducatorswill(41)theirowncreativesolutions,butwemustworktogetherto(42)ourfocusonhowtobetterrecruit,supportand(43)effectiveteachersandprincipalsforallstudents,especiallythekidswhoneedthemmost."
Today'sannouncementisanotherimportantstepforwardinimprovingaccesstoaqualityeducation,a(44)ofPresidentObama'syearofaction.Latertoday,SecretaryDuncanwillleadaroundtablediscussionwithprincipalsandschoolteachersfromacrossthecountryaboutthe(45)ofworkinginhigh-needschoolsandhowtoadoptpromisingpracticesforsupportinggreateducatorsintheseschools.
A.announcingB.beneficialC.challengesD.commitment
E.componentF.contestsG.criticallyH.develop
I.distributingJ.enhanceK.entitledL.potential
M.properlyN.qualifiedO.retain
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
TheChangesFacingFastFood
A.Fast-foodfirmshavetobeathick-skinnedbunch.Healthexpertsregularlycriticisethemseverelyforsellingfoodthatmakespeoplefat.CriticsevencomplainthatMcDonald's,whoselogosymbolisescalorieexcess,shouldnothavebeenallowedtosponsortheWorldCup.Thesearethingsfast-foodfirmshavelearnttocopewith.Butnotperhapsformuchlonger.Theburgerbusinessfacesmorepressurefromregulatorsatatimewhenitisalreadyadaptingstrategiesinresponsetoshiftsintheglobaleconomy.
B.Fastfoodwasoncethoughttoberecession-proof.Whenconsumersneedtocutspending,thelogicgoes,cheapmealslikeBigMacsandWhoppersbecomeevenmoreattractive.Such"tradingdown"provedtrueformuchofthelatestrecession,whenfast-foodcompaniespickedupcustomerswhocouldnolongeraffordtoeatatcasualrestaurants.TrafficwasboostedinAmerica,thehomeoffastfood,withdiscountsandpromotions,suchas$1menusandcheapcombinationmeals.
C.Asaresult,fast-foodchainshaveweatheredtherecessionbetterthantheirmoreexpensivecompetitors.In2009salesatfull-servicerestaurantsinAmericafellbymorethan6%,buttotalsalesremainedaboutthesameatfast-foodchains.Insomemarkets,suchasJapan,FranceandBritain,totalspendingonfastfoodincreased.Same-storesalesinAmericaatMcDonald's,theworld'slargestfast-foodcompany,didnotdeclinethroughoutthedownturn.PaneraBread,anAmericanfast-foodchainknownforitsfreshingredients,performedwell,too,becauseitoffershigher-qualityfoodatlowerpricesthanrestaurants.
D.Butnotallfast-foodcompanieshavebeenasfortunate.Many,suchasBurgerKing,haveseensalesfall.Inasevererecession,whilesomepeopletradedowntofastfood,manyotherseatathomemorefrequentlytosavemoney.DavidPalmer,ananalystatUBS,abank,sayssmallerfast-foodchainsinAmerica,suchasJackintheBoxandCarl'sJr.,havebeenhitparticularlyhardinthisdownturnbecausetheyarecompetingwiththeglobalgiantMcDonald's,whichincreasedspendingonadvertisingbymorethan7%lastyearasotherscutback.
E.Somefast-foodcompaniesalsosacrificedtheirownprofitsbytryingtogivecustomersbettervalue.Duringtherecessioncompaniessetpriceslow,hopingthatoncetheyhadtemptedcustomersthroughthedoortheywouldbepersuadedtoordermoreexpensiveitems.Butinmanycasesthatstrategydidnotwork.LastyearBurgerKingfranchisees(特许经营人)sued(起诉)thecompanyoveritsdouble-cheeseburgerpromotion,claimingitwasunfairforthemtoberepuiredtosellthesefor$1whentheycost$1.10tomake.InMayajudgeruledinfavourofBurgerKing.Nevertheless,thecompanymaystillbecursingitsdecisiontopromotecheapchoicesovermoreexpensiveonesbecauseitemsonits"valuemenu"nowaccountforaround20%ofallsales,upfrom12%lastOctober.
F.Analystsexpectthefast-foodindustrytogrowmodestlythisyear.Butthedownturnismakingcompaniesrethinktheirstrategies.Manyarenowintroducinghigher-priceditemstoentice(引诱)consumersawayfrom$1specials.KFC,adivisionofYum!Brands,whichalsoownsTacoBellandPizzaHut,haslaunchedachickensandwichthatcostsaround$5.AndinMayBurgerKingintroducedbarbecue(烧烤)porkribsat$7foreight.
G.Companiesarealsotryingtogetcustomerstobuynewandmoreitems,includingdrinks.McDonald'sstartedsellingbettercoffeeasachallengetoStarbucks.Its"McCafe"linenowaccountsforanestimated6%ofsalesinAmerica.StarbuckshassoldrightstoitsSeattle'sBestCoffeebrandtoBurgerKing,whichwillstartsellingitlaterthisyear.
H.Asfast-foodcompaniesshiftfrom"supersize"to"morebuys",theyneedtokeepcustomertraffichighthroughouttheday.Manyseebreakfastasabigopportunity,andnotjustforfattyfood.McDonald'swillstartsellingporridge(粥)inAmericanextyear."Breakfasthasthepotentialtobeveryprofitable,"saysSaraSenatoreofBernstein,aresearchfirm,"becausethemarginscanbehigh."Fast-foodcompaniesarealsoaddingmiddayandlate-nightsnacks,suchasblendeddrinksandwraps."Theideaisthatbyhavingagreaterrangeofthingsonthemenu,wecanselltoconsumersproductstheywantallday,"saysRickCarucci,thechieffinancialofficerofYum!Brands.
I.Butwhataboutthosegrowingwaistlines?Sofar,fast-foodfirmshavecleverlyavoidedgovernmentregulation.Byprovidinghealthyoptions,likesaladsandlow-caloriesandwiches,theyhaveatleastgiventheimpressionofdoingsomethingabouthelpingtofightobesity(肥胖症).Theseofferingsarenotnecessarilyloss-leaders,astheybroadentheappealofoutletstogroupsofdinersthatincludesomepeoplewhodon'twanttoeataburger.Butcustomerscannotbeforcedtoordersaladsinsteadoffries.
J.Inthefuture,simplyofferingahealthyoptionmaynotbegoodenough."Everypackaged-foodandrestaurantcompanyIknowisconcernedaboutregulationrightnow,"saysMr.PalmerofUBS.America'shealth-reformbill,whichCongresspassedthisyear,requiresrestaurantchainswith20ormoreoutletstoputthecalorie-contentofitemstheyserveonthemenu.AstudybytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch,whichtrackedtheeffectsonStarbucksofasimilarcalorie-postinglawinNewYorkCityin2007,foundthattheaveragecalorie-countpertransactionfell6%andrevenueincreased3%atStarbucksstoreswhereaDunkin'Donutsoutletwasnearby—asign,itissaid,thatmenu-labellingcouldfavourchainsthathavemorehealthyofferings.
K.InordertoavoidotherlegislationinAmericaandelsewhere,fast-foodcompanieswillhavetocontinueinnovating(创新).WaltRikerofMcDonald'sclaimsthechangeithasmadeinitsmenumeansitoffersmorehealthyitemsthanitdidafewyearsago."Weprobablysellmorvegetables,moremilk,moresalads,moreapplesthananyrestaurantbusinessintheworld,"hesays.ButtherecentproposalbyacountyinCaliforniatobanMcDonald'sfromincludingtoysinitshigh-calorie"HappyMeals",becauselegislatorsbelieveitattractschildrentounhealthyfood,suggeststhereisalotmorelefttodo.
46.SomepeopleproposelawsbemadetostopMcDonald'sfromattachingtoystoitsfoodspecialsforchildren.
47.Fast-foodfirmsmaynotbeabletocopewithpressuresfromfoodregulationinthenearfuture.
48.BurgerKingwillstarttosellSeattle'sBestCoffeetoincreasesales.
49.Somefast-foodfirmsprovidehealthyfoodtogivetheimpressiontheyarehelpingtotackletheobesityproblem.
50.Duringtherecession,manycustomersturnedtofastfoodtosavemoney.
51.Manypeopleeatoutlessoftentosavemoneyintimesofrecession.
52.Duringtherecession,BurgerKing'spromotionalstrategyofofferinglow-priceditemsoftenprovedineffective.
53.Fast-foodrestaurantscanmakealotofmoneybysellingbreakfast.
54.Manyfast-foodcompaniesnowexpecttoincreasetheirrevenuebyintroducinghigher-priceditems.
55.Anewly-passedlawasksbigfast-foodchainstospecifythecaloriecountofwhattheyserveonthemenu.
SectionC
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreen(防晒霜)keepsyousafefromharmfulrays,youmaybewrong.Researchinthisweek'sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas(黑瘤)anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan'tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers.Youhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,blueorgreeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloserelativehashadone.Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesun.Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywithlong-termexposure.
Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingmelanomas—theevidenceisweakerthanitisforpreventingothertypesofskincancer.A2011Australianstudyof1,621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateofmelanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneeded.Asecondstudy,comparing1,167peoplewithmelanomasto1,101whodidn'thavethecancer,foundthatusingsunscreenroutinely,alongsideotherprotectionsuchashats,longsleevesorstayingintheshade,didgivesomeprotection.Thisstudysaidotherformsofsunprotection—notsunscreen—seemedmostbeneficial.Thestudyreliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlives,soit'snotentirelyreliable.Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurityinthesun.
Manypeoplealsodon'tusesunscreenproperly—applyinginsufficientamounts,failingtoreapplyafteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesuntoolong.Itissunburnthatismostworrying—recentresearchshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.
Thegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanreducemelanomarates,asshownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slapcampaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethissummer,itwouldbebestforus,too,tosliponashirt,slopon(抹上)sunscreenandslaponahat.
56.Whatispeople'scommonexpectationofahigh-factorsunscreen?
A.Itwilldelaytheoccurrenceofskincancer.B.Itwillprotectthemfromsunburn.
C.Itwillkeeptheirskinsmoothandfair.D.Itwillworkforpeopleofanyskincolor.
57.WhatdoestheresearchinNaturesayaboutahigh-factorsunscreen?
A.Itisineffectiveinpreventingmelanomas.B.Itisineffectiveincaseofintensesunlight.
C.Itisineffectivewithlong-termexposure.D.Itisineffectiveforpeoplewithfairskin.
58.Whatdowelearnfromthe2011Australianstudyof1,621people?
A.Sunscreenshouldbeappliedalongsideotherprotectionmeasures.
B.High-riskpeoplebenefitthemostfromtheapplicationofsunscreen.
C.Irregularapplicationofsunscreendoeswomenmoreharmthangood.
D.Dailyapplicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceofmelanomas.
59.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthesecondAustralianstudy?
A.Itmisleadspeopletorelyonsunscreenforprotection.
B.Ithelpspeopletoselectthemosteffectivesunscreen.
C.Itisnotbasedondirectobservationofthesubjects.
D.ItconfirmstheresultsofthefirstAustralianstudy.
60.Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttoreducemelanomarates?
A.Usingbothcoveringupandsunscreen.B.Stayingintheshadewheneverpossible.
C.Usingcoveringupinsteadofsunscreen.D.Applyingtherightamountofsunscreen.
PassageTwo
Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.
Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseinthenumberofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(长寿)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.
Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefallingamongyoungerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehavedroppedoutoftheworkforce.
Policyispartlyresponsible.ManyEuropeangovernmentshaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedtoencouragepeopletoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy(预期寿命),combinedwiththereplacementofgenerousdefi-benefitpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethantheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchangemaywellreinforcethatshift:theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknow-howtocreativity,donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.
61.Whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?
A.Youngerpeoplearereplacingtheelderly.
B.Well-educatedpeopletendtoworklonger.
C.Unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryear.
D.Peoplewithnocollegedegreedonoteasilyfindwork.
62.Whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoor?
A.Longerlifeexpectancies.
B.Arapidtechnologicaladvance.
C.Profoundchangesintheworkforce.
D.Agrowingnumberofthewell-educated.
63.Whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury?
A.Economicgrowthwillslowdown.
B.Governmentbudgetswillincrease.
C.Morepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation
D.Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.
64.WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?
A.Unskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly.
B.Morepeoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.
C.Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.
D.Peoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.
65.Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury?
A.Computerswilldomorecomplicatedwork.
B.Morewillbetakenbytheeducatedyoung.
C.Mostjobstobedonewillbethecreativeones.
D.Skillsarehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.
PartIVTranslation
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.
中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现在世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，并经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划，其中包括到2020年建成一个太空站。目前，中国是世界上最大的出口国之一，并且正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美元。2011年，中国超越日本成为第二大经济体。
答案解析
Part1Writing
行文思路
根据题目要求，首先简要描述图画内容，该图画中，一个小孩问母亲：“如果我的手机已经知道一切，为什么我还要上学呢？”很明显，本题主旨为手机是否可以取代上学。针对该主题，文章结构可以安排如下：
首先，简单描述图画内容，引出话题：有人认为手机可以取代上学；其次，展开详细论述说明手机并不能取代上学；最后，提出建议：要合理利用手机，同时学校教育是必不可少的，不可或缺的。
范文赏析
Inthepictureabove,wecanseethatalittleboyishandlingwithasmartphoneandaskshismother:"WhyamIgoingtoschoolifmyphonealreadyknowseverything?"Obviouslythispicturereflectsthatnowmoreandmorestudentsholdthatmobilephonescanreplaceschools.However,itisbynomeansasensiblethought.
Thereisnodoubtthatthemobilephonehasbroughtusgreatconvenience,butweshouldnotbeoverlydependentonmobilephoneinthelearning.Firstofall,weshouldhavegoodknowledgeofreservestocopewithvarioussituationswithoutthemobilephoneathand.Secondly,itisourpersonalknowledgethathaspromotedthedevelopmentofmobilephone.Withoutthebasiceducationatschool,thereisnottheadventofmobilephone.
Inshort,overrelianceonmobilephonedomoreharmthangood.Therefore,weshouldreasonablycombinelearningwithmobilephone.Goingtoschoolisthesensiblechoice,andwecanbenefitthemostfromtheschool.
PartIIListeningComprehension
SectionA
ShortConversations
1.W:I'mgoingtogiveupplayingchess.Ilostagaintoday.
M:Justbecauseyoulost?Isthatanyreasontoquit?
Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?
答案：D
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到，女士说因为今天又输了，所以打算放弃下象棋。男士没有正面回应，而是反问了两句“仅仅是因为输了吗？那能算是放弃的理由吗？”言外之意就是不该放弃。即男士建议女士继续下棋。所以选D。
2.M:DoyouknowSally'snewaddress?She'sgotsomemailhereandI'dliketofoldittoher.
W:Well,we'venotbeenintouchforquiteawhile.Let'ssee.Maryshouldknowit.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?
答案：C
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到，男士想把萨莉的邮件转寄给她，问女士是否知道她的地址。女士说自己很久没跟萨莉联系了，但是结尾补充了一句：“玛丽应该知道地址。”所以正确答案是C。
3.W:Imissedclassesthismorning.Couldyoupleaselendmeyournotes?
M:Mynotes?You'veneverseenmyhandwriting,haveyou?
Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?
答案：B
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到，女士想要借男士的笔记看，男士没有正面回答，而是反问道：You'veneverseenmyhandwriting，haveyou?“你没看过我写的字，对吗？”言外之意就是自己写的字难以辨认，不易读懂。所以选B。
4.M:I'mtakingmygirlfriendtothefancynewrestaurantforherbirthdaytonight.
W:Iwenttherelastweekend.Ifounditratherdisappointing.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?
答案：A
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到，男士说今晚要带女朋友去新开的饭店过生日。女士说她上个周末去过，太让她失望了。言外之意就是建议男士不要去这家饭店了，应该另选一家。所以选A。
5.W:Winterisoveratlast.Timetoputawaymyglovesandboots.
M:I'vebeenwaitingforthisformonths.
Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?
答案：A
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到，女士说，冬天终于结束了，可以把手套和靴子收起来了。男士回应说，为此他已经等了好几个月了。显然男士和女士一样非常期待冬天的结束，言外之意也就是在盼望春天的到来。所以选A。
6.W:Thankyouforbringingthebooksback.
M:Ithoughtyouneedthemovertheweekend.Manythanksforlettingmeusethem.
Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?
答案：B
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到，女士对男士说，谢谢他把书送回来，由此可知应该是男士借了女士的书。男士说，他认为女士周末会用到，而且感谢女士让他使用这些书。选项B符合题意，所以选B。
7.W:Areyouworkingflexiblehours?
M:No，I'mnot.Theweathertodayissonice，soIdecidedtowalktowork，andthatmeantIhadtoleaveanhourearlierthanusual.
Q:Whatdidthemandecidetodo?
答案：A
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到，女士问男士的工作时间是否灵活，男士回答说，不是，但今天天气很好，他决定步行去上班，所以必须比平常早一个小时出发。所以选A。
8.W:Ourplanehasbeencirclingforalongtime.Whythedelay?
M:Theairportwasclosedforawhilethismorning，andthingsarestillnotbacktonormal。
Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?
答案：C
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到，女士问，飞机已经盘旋了很长时间，为什么会延迟。男士回答说，机场早晨关闭了一段时间，而且仍然没有恢复正常。由此可知，机场出现的问题是closedforawhile，而选项C中的temporaryclosing正是该表述的同义表述，所以C是正确答案。
LongConversations
ConversationOne
W:Goodmorning,thisisTGC!
M:Goodmorning,WalterBarryhere,callingfromLondon.CouldIspeaktoMr.Grand,please?
W:Who'scalling,please?
M:WalterBarry,fromLondon.
W:Whatisitabout,please?
M:Well,(9)Iunderstandthatyourcompanyhasachemicalprocessingplant.MyowncompanyLCP,LiquidControlProducts,isaleaderinsafetyfromleaksinthefieldofchemicalprocessing.(10)I'dliketospeaktoMr.GrandtodiscusswaysinwhichwecouldhelpTGCtoprotectitselffromsuchproblemsandsavemoneyatthesametime.
W:Yes,Isee.Well,Mr.Grandisnotavailablejustnow.
M:CanyoutellmewhenIcouldreachhim?
W:He'sverybusyforthenextfewdays.Thenhe'llbeawayinNewYork.Soit'sdifficulttogiveyouatime.
M:CouldIspeaktosomeoneelse,perhaps?
W:Who,inparticular?
M:Acolleague,forexample?
W:(11)Youarespeakingtohispersonalassistant.IcandealwithcallsforMr.Grand.
M:Yes,well,couldIringhimtomorrow?
W:No,I'msorry.Hewon'tbefreetomorrow.Listen,letmesuggestsomething.(12)Yousendusdetailsofyourproductsandservices,togetherwithreferencesfromothercompanies.Andthenwe'llcontactyou.
M:Yes,that'sverykindofyou.Ihaveyouraddress.
W:Verygood,Mr?
M:Barry.WalterBarry,fromLCPinLondon.
W:Right,Mr.Barry.Welookforwardtohearingfromyou.
M:Thankyou,goodbye.
W:Bye.
9.Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman'scompany?
答案：D
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到，男士在给女士打电话，女士问男士有什么事情，男士在说明来电目的之前说，自己了解到女士的公司有家化学加工厂，所以选D。
10.Whatdowelearnabouttheman?
答案：C
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到，男士先是表明自己的身份，然后介绍了自己的公司，说明了来电目的是想和格兰德先生讨论如何帮助TGC公司防止泄漏，同时节省开支的问题，实际上就是要推荐自己公司的产品，由此可推断男士是一名销售员，选项C“他是一名销售员”符合题意，所以选C。
11.Whatisthewoman'spositioninhercompany?
答案：B
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到：Youarespeakingtohispersonalassistant.女士告知男士他正和格兰德先生的私人助理说话，也就是说女士就是格兰德先生的私人助理，所以选项B是正确答案。
12.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?
答案：C
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到，女士说letmesuggestsomething，由此可知这句话后面就是女士对男士的建议，即为该题的答案。女士建议男士将其公司的产品和服务的详情以及其他公司的推荐信一并寄送过来，之后会和男士联系，所以选C。
ConversationTwo
M:MissYamada,(13)didyoueverthinkthatyouwouldfindyourselflivingandworkinginthewesternworld?
W:(13)No,notreally,althoughI'vealwayslistenedtorecordingsofgreatorchestrasfromEurope.
M:Soyouenjoyedclassicalmusicevenwhenyouwereveryyoung?
W:Oh,yes.Iwasonlyachild.
M:Youwerebornin1955.Isthatright?
W:Yes,(14)IbeganviolinlessonsatschoolwhenIwas6.
M:Asyoungasthat.Didyoulikeit?
W:Oh,yes,verymuch.
M:Whendidyoufirstplayonyourown?Imean,whendidyougiveyourfirstperformance?
W:IthinkIwas8...?No,9.Ijusthadmybirthdayaweekbefore,andmyfatherhadboughtmeanewviolin.Iplayedasmallpieceattheschoolconcert.
M:Didyouknowthenthatyouwouldbecomeaprofessionalviolinist?
W:Yes,Ithinkso.Ienjoyplayingtheviolinverymuch,andIdidn'tmindpracticing,sometimesthreeorfourhoursaday.
M:AndwhendidyoufirstcometoEurope?
W:Iwasverylucky.WhenIwasfifteen,IwonascholarshiptoacollegeinParis.Thatwasforathree-yearcourse.
M:Howdidyourparentsfeelaboutthat?
W:Ithinktheywerepleasedandworriedatthesametime.(15)Itwasthechanceofalifetime.ButofcourseIwouldbethousandsofmilesfromhome.Anyway,IstudiedinParisforthreeyearsandthenwentbacktoTokyo.
13.WhatdoweknowaboutthewomanbeforeshewenttoEurope?
答案：D
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到，男士问女士是否想过会在西方世界生活和工作，女士回答说没有，但是自己一直都听欧洲大型管弦乐队的唱片，由此可知女士在到欧洲之前听过很多欧洲管弦乐队的唱，D“她听过很多欧洲管弦乐队的唱片”与原文一致，所以选D。
14.Whatdoesthewomansayabouthermusicexperience?
答案：A
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到，男士问女士是否很小就喜欢古典音乐，女士给出肯定回答，并说自己六岁就开始在学校里学习小提琴，A“她很小的时候就开始上小提琴课”符合题意，所以选A。
15.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutherstudyinParis?
答案：B
点睛解析：在对话结尾处我们可以听到，女士提到自己十五岁获得奖学金到巴黎留学，父母喜忧参半，因为这既是个千载难逢的机会，也意味着她要远离故乡。四个选项中只有B“这是一个千载难逢的机会”与原文相符，所以B是正确答案。
SectionB
PassageOne
Whatmakesapersonfamous?Thisisamysterythatmanypeoplehavecarefullythoughtabout.Allkindsofmythssurroundthelivesofwell-knownpeople.MostpeoplearefamiliarwiththeworksofWilliamShakespeare,oneofthegreatestEnglishwritersofthe16thand17thcenturies.(16)YethowmanyknowShakespearetheperson,themanbehindtheworks?Aftercenturiesofresearch,scholarsarestilltryingtodiscoverShakespeare'spersonalhistory.Itisnoteasilyfoundinhiswritings.Authorsofthetimecouldnotprotecttheirworks.Anactingcompany,forexample,couldchangeaplayiftheywantedto.Nowadays,writershavecopyrightsthatprotecttheirwork.
ManymythsaroseaboutShakespeare.Somesaidhehadnoformaleducation.Othersbelievedthathebeganhiscareerbytendingthehorsesofwealthymen.Allofthesemythsareinteresting,butaretheytrue?Probablynot.(17)Shakespeare'sfatherwasarespectedmaninStratford-on-Avon,amemberofthetowncouncil.HesentyoungWilliamtogrammarschool.MostpeopleofElizabethantimesdidnotcontinuebeyondgrammarschool;so,Shakespearedidhave,atleast,anaverageeducation.(18)SomepartsofShakespeare'slifewillalwaysremainunknown.TheGreatLondonFireof1666burnedmanyimportantdocumentsthatcouldhavebeenasourceofclues.Wewillalwaysbeleftwithmanyquestionsandfewfacts.
16.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutWilliamShakespeare?
答案：D
点睛解析：在短文中我们可以听到作者提出“有多少人了解莎士比亚本人？”的问题，接着指出学者们经过几个世纪的研究之后，仍然在不断探索他的个人史。由此可知，莎士比亚的个人史很少有人知道，D“他的个人史很少有人知道”与原文一致，所以D是正确答案。
17.WhatdowelearnaboutShakespeare'sfather?
答案：C
点睛解析：在短文中我们可以听到：Shakespeare'sfatherwasarespectedmaninStratford-on-Avon,amemberofthetowncouncil.“莎士比亚的父亲受人尊敬，是埃文河畔斯特拉特福镇议会的一名成员。”选项C“是镇上议会的一名成员”与原文一致，故C为答案。
18.WhydoesthespeakersaypartsofShakespeare'slifewillremainamystery?
答案：B
点睛解析：在短文结尾处我们可以听到，1666年伦敦的一场大火把很多重要文件烧毁了，而这些本来可能是了解莎士比亚的线索，因此莎士比亚的一部分生活将永远不为人所知，选项B“关于他的一些线索的文件在一场大火里丢失了”与原文相符，故B为答案。
PassageTwo
Whereveryougoandforwhateverreason,it'simportanttobesafe.(19)Whilethemajorityofpeopleyoumeetwhentravellingaresuretobefriendlyandwelcoming,therearedangers—theftbeingthemostcommon.
Justasinyourhomecountry,donotexpecteveryoneyoumeettobefriendlyandhelpful.It'simportanttoprepareforyourtripinadvanceandtotakeprecautionswhileyouaretravelling.(20)Asyouprepareforyourtrip,makesureyouhavetherightpaperwork.Youdon'twanttogettoyourdestinationonlytofindyouhavethewrongvisa,orworse,thatyourpassportisn'tvalidanymore.Also,makesureyoutravelwithpropermedicalinsurance,sothatifyouaresickorinjuredduringyourtravels,youwillbeabletogettreatment.Ifyouwanttodrivewhileyouareabroad,makesureyouhaveaninternationaldriver'slicense.
(21)Whenyougettoyourdestination,useofficialtransport.Alwaysgotobusandtaxistands.Don'tacceptridesfromstrangerswhoofferyoualift.Ifthereisnometerinthetaxi,agreeonapricebeforeyougetin.Ifyouprefertostayincheaphotelswhiletravelling,makesureyoucanlockthedoorofyourroomfromtheinside.Finally,remembertosmile.It'sthefriendliestandmostsincereformofcommunication,andissuretobeunderstoodinanypartoftheworld!
19.Whatismentionedasamostcommondangerwhenpeoplegotravellingabroad?
答案：A
点睛解析：在短文开头部分我们可以听到：therearedangers—theftbeingthemostcommon“其中最为常见的就是盗窃”，所以A是正确答案。
20.Whatisthemostimportantthingtodowhenyouprepareforyourtripabroad?
答案：D
点睛解析：在短文中我们可以听到：Asyouprepareforyourtrip,makesureyouhavetherightpaperwork.“在准备出国旅游时，一定要确保文件正确”。选项D中的documents与文中的paperwork是同义表述，故D为正确答案。
21.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestyoudowhenyouarriveatyourdestination?
答案：C
点睛解析：在短文最后我们可以听到：Whenyougettoyourdestination,useofficialtransport.“到达目的地后要选择乘坐正规的交通工具。”所以C为正确答案。
PassageThree
(25)TheBritisharesupposedtobefamousforlaughingatthemselves,buteventheirsenseofhumourhasalimit,astheBritishretailerGeraldRatnerfoundouttohiscost.(22)WhenRatnertookoverhisfather'schainof130jewelryshopsin1984,heintroducedaveryclearcompanypolicy.Hedecidedthathisshopsshouldselldownmarketproductsatthelowestpossibleprices.Itwasagreatsuccess.TheBritishpubliclovedhischeapgoldearringsandhistastelesssilverornaments.By1991,Ratner'scompanyhad2,400shopsanditwasworthover680millionpounds.ButinAprilofthatyear,GeraldRatnermadeabigmistake.(23)AtabigmeetingoftopBritishbusinesspeople,hesuitedupandexplainedthesecretofhissuccess.Peoplesay,"Howcanwesellourgoodsforsuchalowprice?"Isay,"Becausetheyareabsoluterubbish."Hisaudienceroaredwithlaughter.ButtheBritishnewspapersandtheBritishpublicwerenotsoamused.(24)PeoplefeltinsultedandstayedawayfromRatner'sshops.Salesfelland6monthsafterhisspeech,Ratner'ssharepricehadfallenby42%.Thefollowingyear,thingsgotworseandGeraldRatnerwasforcedtoresign.Bytheendof1992,helosthiscompany,hiscareerandhishouse.Evenworse,25,000ofhisemployeeshadlosttheirjobs.(25)Ithadbeenaveryexpensivejoke.
22.WhatdidGeraldRatnerdecidetodowhenhetookoverhisfather'sshops?
答案：B
点睛解析：在短文开头部分我们可以听到：WhenRatnertookoverhisfather'schainof130jewelryshopsin1984...Hedecidedthathisshopsshouldselldownmarketproductsatthelowestpossibleprices.“拉特纳在1984年接管了父亲的珠宝连锁店后……决定以最低的价格卖出低档产品。”选项B中sellinexpensiveproducts是原文selldownmarketproducts的同义转述，所以选B。
23.OnwhatoccasiondidGeraldRatnerexplainthesecretofhissuccess?
答案：D
点睛解析：在短文中我们可以听到：AtabigmeetingoftopBritishbusinesspeople,heshowedupandexplainedthesecretofhissuccess.“在一次英国上层商人会议上，拉特纳出席并解释了自己成功的秘密。”所以选D。
24.HowdidpeoplefeelwhentheylearnedofGeraldRatner'sremarks?
答案：A
点睛解析：在短文中我们可以听到：PeoplefeltinsultedandstayedawayfromRatner'sshops.“人们觉得受到了侮辱并远离拉特纳的商店。”所以选A“受侮辱的”。
25.WhatdoesthestoryofGeraldRatnersuggest?
答案：C
点睛解析：在短文开头我们可以听到buteventheirsenseofhumourhasalimit“但是幽默也应该有限度”，短文结尾处再次强调Ithadbeenaveryexpensivejoke“这个玩笑的代价太大了”，以此首尾呼应，告诉我们开玩笑要有度，所以选C。
SectionC
26.prospering
点睛解析：prospering繁荣的
27.decade
点睛解析：decade十年
28.opposite
点睛解析：opposite对立面
29.sustain
点睛解析：sustain保持，维持
30.Insimpleterms
点睛解析：insimpleterms简而言之
31.establish
点睛解析：establish建立，设立
32.reasonably
点睛解析：reasonably尚可，还可以
33.takeintoaccount
点睛解析：takeintoaccount考虑，重视
34.misleading
点睛解析：misleading令人误解的
35.usingup
点睛解析：useup耗尽，用光
PartIIIReadingComprehension
SectionA
名词：C.challenges挑战；D.commitment投入，承诺；E.component组成部分，部件；
F.contests比赛；L.potential潜力，可能性
动词：A.announcing宣布，宣称；H.develop形成，发展；I.distributing分发，散布；
J.enhance增强，提高；K.entitled使(某人)有权利；O.retain留用
形容词：B.beneficial有利的，有益的；N.qualified胜任的，合格的
副词：G.critically很大程度上，极为重要地；M.properly合理地，正确地
36.A.announcing
点睛解析：空格处前一句提到，美国教育部正在努力确保所有学生享有接受高质量教育的平等权利。因此，空格处需要填入一个能够与名词launch构成动宾搭配的动词，表示“宣布开始实施一项方案或活动”。由此可知announcing“宣布”为本题答案。
37.K.entitled
点睛解析：由于空格前面是系动词are，后面是介词to及其宾语，因此空格处需填入形容词作表语或者动词的被动语态。备选词中entitled使(某人)有权利，beentitledto意思是“有……资格”，填入空格处，表示“所有的孩子，不分种族、居住地及家庭收入，都应有权利接受高质量的教育”，符合语义，所以选K。
38.G.critically
点睛解析：根据空格处的前后内容可知，空格处需要填入一个副词，用来修饰形容词important。备选词中critically“很大程度上，极为重要地”与important搭配，表达“至关重要”的意义，表明为教师和校长提供帮助学生发挥潜力所需的支持很重要。同时还承接上文。
39.L.potential
点睛解析：本句提到要为教师和校长们提供支持，而这些支持是为了帮助学生发挥其全部潜力。因此，空格处需要填入一个能与动词reach相搭配的名词，且表达“潜力，能力”的意义，备选词中，potential“潜力”，符合题意，所以选potential。
40.D.commitment
点睛解析：空格前面为形容词deep，后面为介词of，因此空格处需要填入名词。而且该名词与and前面的excellentwork在意义上该是并列的，根据上下文语义，此处要表达的意思是教师和校长们工作出色且努力。所以，空格处的名词表达的是“努力”或“投入”的意思，且为不可数的抽象名词，备选词中的challenges和contests均为可数名词复数形式，可以排除；component意思是“组成部分，部件”，与此处文意不符，且不能用deep进行修饰，可以排除；只有commitment符合题意。
41.H.develop
点睛解析：空格处需要填入动词原形，与will构成一般将来时态，并与名词solutions构成动宾短语。solutions意思是“解决方案”，因此填入的动词应该表达“想出，找到”或“研究出，制定出”的意义。备选词中，动词develop“形成”符合上下文语境。enhance意思是“增强，提高”，retain意思是“留用”，均不能与solutions搭配，且与此处文意不符，因此可以排除。
42.J.enhance
点睛解析：根据空格前后的内容可知，空格处需要填入动词原形，且与ourfocus构成动宾搭配。根据上下文意思，教育部长认为我们必须共同努力增强对于某些问题的关注。因此，空格处填入的动词应该表达“增强，增加”的意义，备选词中，动词enhance符合语境，意思是“增强，提高”。
43.O.retain
点睛解析：由and前面的两个动词recruit和support及其形式可知，空格处需要填入动词原形，且与recruit和support构成并列关系，recruit意思是“招募”，support意思是“支持，配备”，宾语都是空格后的effectiveteachersandprincipals，由此可以确定，动词retain“保持，保有”为本题答案。
44.E.component
点睛解析：因为空格前面是不定冠词a，空格后面是介词of，所以空格处需要填入可数名词的单数形式。前面提到，今天的公告是改善获得高质量教育权利途径的又一重要步骤，而介词of后面又提到了奥巴马总统行动年，因此可以判断今天的公告内容是奥巴马总统行动年的行动内容之一，空格处应填入表示“内容，组成部分”的名词。由此可知名词component为本题答案，意思是“组成部分”。
45.C.challenges
点睛解析：空格处应填入名词形式。根据上下文语境，在高需求的学校工作必将面临更多的挑战或困难。因此，空格处填入的名词可能表达“困难，问题”或“挑战”的意义，由此可以判断，名词challenges为本题答案，意思是“挑战”。
SectionB
46.SomepeopleproposelawsbemadetostopMcDonald'sfromattachingtoystoitsfoodspecialsforchildren.
答案：K
点睛解析：题目意思是：有些人提议立法来禁止麦当劳将玩具附赠到为孩子提供的特价食品上，由此可定位至K段。该段中...becauselegislatorsbelieveitattractschildrentounhealthyfood,suggeststhereisalotmorelefttodo.“因为立法者们认为这会引诱孩子们去吃不健康的食物”，所以提议禁止这种做法。
47.Fast-foodfirmsmaynotbeabletocopewithpressuresfromfoodregulationinthenearfuture.
答案：A
点睛解析：根据题目信息可定位至A段。Theburgerbusinessfacesmorepressurefromregulatorsatatimewhenitisalreadyadaptingstrategiesinresponsetoshiftsintheglobaleconomy.“当汉堡企业准备采取策略来对全球经济的变化做出回应时,还面临着来自监管部门更多的压力。”题目是对A段的概括，所以选A。
48.BurgerKingwillstarttosellSeattle'sBestCoffeetoincreasesales.
答案：G
点睛解析：结合题干信息可定位到文章G段。该段提到星巴克已经将它的西雅图最好咖啡的品牌版权出售给了汉堡王，该咖啡将在今年晚些时候开始销售，由此可知题干信息来源于G段。
49.Somefast-foodfirmsprovidehealthyfoodtogivetheimpressiontheyarehelpingtotackletheobesityproblem.
答案：I
点睛解析：根据题目信息可定位到文章I段。该段提到，快餐企业通过提供一些健康的选择，像色拉和低热量的三明治，至少给人们留下了采取行动对抗肥胖的印象。题干信息与原文一致，所以选I。
50.Duringtherecession,manycustomersturnedtofastfoodtosavemoney.
答案：B
点睛解析：由题目信息可定位至B段。该段提到，在经济衰退时期，人们想要节省开支，就倾向于购买像巨无霸和皇堡这类既便宜又量大的快餐，题干信息是对该段的高度概括。
51.Manypeopleeatoutlessoftentosavemoneyintimesofrecession.
答案：D
点睛解析：由题目信息可定位到文章D段。Inasevererecession,whilesomepeopletradedowntofastfood,manyotherseatathomemorefrequentlytosavemoney.“在经济衰退的严峻时期，尽管一些人降级消费转向快餐，但许多人为了省钱而更频繁地在家里吃饭。”也就是说减少在外吃饭的次数，由此可知题目信息来源于该段。
52.Duringtherecession,BurgerKing'spromotionalstrategyofofferinglow-priceditemsoftenprovedineffective.
答案：E
点睛解析：根据题目信息可定位到文章E段。该段提到很多商家采取了低价促销活动，但往往这些策略都是不奏效的。题目信息与原文一致，所以正确答案是E。
53.Fast-foodrestaurantscanmakealotofmoneybysellingbreakfast.
答案：H
点睛解析：根据题目信息可定位到文章H段。该段通过引用一个人的话“早餐市场具有很好的赚钱潜力，因为其利润相当高”，明确指出快餐店通过卖早餐能赚很多钱。所以H是正确答案。
54.Manyfast-foodcompaniesnowexpecttoincreasetheirrevenuebyintroducinghigher-priceditems.
答案：F
点睛解析：根据题目信息“很多快餐企业现在期望通过推出高价产品来增加收益”可定位至F段。该段第三句提到，商家推出一些价格稍高的商品试图将消费者从1美元的特价商品中吸引过来，由此可知，题干是对该段的概括，所以F是正确答案。
55.Anewly-passedlawasksbigfast-foodchainstospecifythecaloriecountofwhattheyserveonthemenu.
答案：J
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位至J段。该段提到，今年美国国会通过的健康改革法案要求拥有20家及以上连锁店的餐馆将他们所供应的食品卡路里印制在菜单上。“大型快餐连锁企业”对应该段的“拥有20家及以上连锁店的餐馆”。
SectionC
PassageOne
56.B
点睛解析：由题干信息可定位到首段第一句：Ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreen(防晒霜)keepsyousafefromharmfulrays，youmaybewrong.“如果你认为高指数的防晒霜能够使你免遭有害射线的辐射，那你可能就错了。”由此可见，对于防晒霜能够保护皮肤不受伤害的这种误解是非常普遍的，B“它将保护人们不被太阳晒伤”符合文意。
57.A
点睛解析：根据题目信息可定位至首段第二句：Researchinthisweek'sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas(黑瘤)anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan'tpreventthem.“本周《自然》杂志的一项研究表明，尽管防晒指数为50的防晒霜能够减少黑瘤的数量，并延缓其出现，但是并不能阻止其发生。”由此可见，此项研究表明高指数的防晒霜并不能有效阻止黑瘤的发生，所以正确答案是A。
58.D
点睛解析：根据题目信息可定位到第二段第二句：A2011Australianstudyof1,621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateofmelanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneeded.“2011年澳大利亚一项涉及1621人的研究发现，随机抽取的每天使用防晒霜的人群患黑瘤的几率是需要时才使用面霜的人群的一半。”由此可知，根据此项研究，每天使用防晒霜的确能够降低患黑瘤的几率，即坚持使用防晒霜是有一定效果的，所以正确答案为D。
59.C
点睛解析：根据题目信息可定位到第二段第五句：Thestudyreliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlives,soit'snotentirelyreliable.“此研究基于人们对他们一生中每个十年所采取防晒措施的回忆，因此并不完全可靠。”由此可见，选项C“此研究并不是基于对被研究对象的直接观察”与原文相符合，所以选C。
60.A
点睛解析：由题干信息可定位到第四段，第四段第一句提到，正如澳大利亚人“套上——涂上——扣上”运动的数据所显示的，综合使用防晒霜和皮肤遮盖措施能够降低黑瘤发病率，后面提到：Soifthereisaheatwavethissummer,itwouldbebestforus,too,tosliponashirt,slopon(抹上)sunscreenandslaponahat.“如果今年夏天有热浪，我们也最好套上T恤，抹上防晒霜，并且扣上帽子。”也就是说，作者建议我们同时使用防晒霜和衣服、帽子等，所以选A。
PassageTwo
61.B
点睛解析：由题目信息可定位到第一段第一句：Acrosstherichworld,welleducatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.“在发达国家，与技术水平较低的人相比，受教育程度较高的人工作年限越来越长。”由此可知，B“学历较高的人工作时间更长”符合文意。
62.B
点睛解析：根据题目信息可定位至第一段。题目问加剧贫富分化的原因，A“更长的预期寿命”，本段并未提及预期寿命的相关内容，因此排除；C“劳动人口的深层次变化”，本段并未涉及劳动力结构的深层次变化问题，因此排除；D“高学历人才数量的增加”，本段并未指出高学历人才的数量较之前有所增加。本段第四句分析了原因，即迅速发展的技术使高技术人群的收入增加，同时也压缩了那些无技术人群的收入。据此可推断，迅速发展的技术就是加剧贫富差距的主要原因，所以选B。
63.A
点睛解析：根据题目信息可定位至第二段第三句：Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(长寿)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.“20世纪，更加长寿造成了退休生活的年份更长而不是工作的年份更长，这一经历使得观察者们相信，这一变化将导致经济增长减缓，同时，退休金申领人数的激增将产生政府预算问题。”所以选A“经济增长将减缓”。
64.C
点睛解析：根据题干中的policychangesinEuropeancountries可定位至第四段的第二、三句：ManyEuropeangovernmentshaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedtoencouragepeopletoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy(预期寿命),combinedwiththereplacementofgenerousdefined-benefitpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.“许多欧洲国家政府已经摒弃了曾鼓励人们尽早退休的政策。预期寿命的延长以及慷慨的固定养老金计划被不再慷慨的固定缴费养老金计划所替代，这些都意味着甚至有钱人也必须延长工作年限以获得舒适的退休生活。”由此可知，政策的变化带来的后果是C“甚至有钱人也不得不为了在退休后过上舒适的生活而延长工作年限”。
65.D
点睛解析：题目问21世纪的工作特点。文章最后一段最后一句提到，技术革新可能会进一步增强这一转变：作为计算机的补充技能，从经营管理技巧到创新能力，都不会随着年龄的增长而衰退。由此可知，21世纪的工作特点是，比起年龄问题，经营管理技巧、创新能力等技能将更加被看重，所以选D。
PartIVTranslation
Chinaisoneofthemostancientcivilizationsintheworld.AnumberofelementsthatconstitutethebasisofthemodernworldareoriginatedinChina.NowChina'seconomyisdevelopingthefastestintheworldandanewindustrialrevolutionhasbeenunderway.Chinahasalsolaunchedanambitiousspaceexplorationprogram,includingthecompletionofaspacestationby2020.Atpresent,Chinaistheworld'slargestexporter,andisattractingalargenumberofforeigninvestments.Atthesametime,italsoinvestedbillionsofdollarsinoverseas.In2011,ChinasurpassedJapantobecomethesecondlargesteconomicentityintheworld.