7.2　Summary of the Main Findings

7.2SummaryoftheMainFindings

Inthissection,themainfindingsofthestudyaresummarizedbasedontheresultsofthestatisticaltestsanddataanalysisreportedinChapter5andChapter6.

Chapter5reportedtheresultsfortheeffectsofthefourdifferentlisteningconditionsontheparticipants'listeningcomprehensionandincidentalvocabularyacquisition.Themainfindingswere:

(a)Allthegroupsofthree-timelisteningsignificantlyoutscoredtheone-timelisteninggroupincomprehension,butnosignificantinter-groupdifferenceswereobservedamongthethree-timelisteninggroups.

(b)Theparticipantsinallfourlisteningconditionsacquiredsomevocabularyknowledge,especiallyintheaspectsofreceptiveandformknowledge.

(c)Theparticipantswholistenedthreetimesoutperformedtheirone-timelisteningpeersinvocabularyacquisition.

(d)Theinferencingtraininggroupoutperformedtheothergroupsinvocabularyacquisitionfromlistening.Howevertheadvantageswerequiteslightandshowedonlyintermsofrecognitionofwordform.

Chapter6reportedtheresultsfortherelationshipsbetweentheparticipants'metacognitivelisteningawareness,listeningcomprehension,andincidentalvocabularyacquisition.Themainfindingswere:

(a)Thecorrelationsbetweentheparticipants'reportedawarenessofmetacognitivestrategies,listeningcomprehension,andtheirincidentalvocabularyacquisitionweregenerallyonthelowside.

(b)Withregardtotherelationshipbetweentheparticipants'reportedawarenessofmetacognitivestrategiesandlisteningcomprehension,onlypersonknowledgewasrelatedtolisteningcomprehensioninCycle2forthosewholistenedwithouttraining(eitherlisteningonetimeorthreetimes);onlymentaltranslationawarenesswasnegativelyrelatedtolisteningcomprehensionofthosewholistenedthreetimeswithschema-raisingtrainingorwithouttraining;reporteduseofplanning-evaluation,directedattentionandproblemsolvingawarenesswerenotfoundtoberelatedtolisteningcomprehension.

(c)Regardingtherelationshipsbetweentheparticipants'reportedawarenessofmetacognitivestrategiesandincidentalvocabularyacquisition,fewsignificantcorrelationswerefound.Reporteduseofplanning-evaluationstrategieswaspositivelyrelatedtotheimmediateproductiontestsandreceptivetestsforthoselearnerswholistenedthreetimeswithouttraining;mentaltranslationwasnegativelyrelatedtotheimmediatereceptivetestsinlisteningCycle1forthoselearnerswholistenedthreetimeseitherwithinferencingtrainingorwithouttrainingandalsotothedelayedproductiontestsofthosewholistenedthreetimeswithinferencingtraining.Therelationshipbetweenpersonknowledgeawarenessandincidentalvocabularyacquisitionwasmostevidentinthereceptivetestsforthosewholistenedthreetimeswithouttraining.