260.英文正文(260)

260.英文正文(260)

fromtheforegoingaccountitwillbeseenthatinnewspeaktheexpressionofunorthodoxopinions,aboveaverylowlevel,waswell-nighimpossible。itwasofcoursepossibletoutterheresiesofaverycrudekind,aspeciesofblasphemy。itwouldhavebeenpossible,forexample,tosaybigbrotherisungood。butthisstatement,whichtoanorthodoxearmerelyconveyedaself-evidentabsurdity,couldnothavebeensustainedbyreasonedargument,becausethenecessarywordswerenotavailable。ideasinimicaltoingsoccouldonlybeentertainedinavaguewordlessform,andcouldonlybenamedinverybroadtermswhichlumpedtogetherandcondemnedwholegroupsofheresieswithoutdefiningthemindoingso。onecould,infact,onlyusenewspeakforunorthodoxpurposesbyillegitimatelytranslatingsomeofthewordsbackintooldspeak。forexample,allmansareequalwasapossiblenewspeaksentence,butonlyinthesamesenseinwhichallmenareredhairedisapossibleoldspeaksentence。itdidnotcontainagrammaticalerror,butitexpressedapalpableuntruth-i。e。thatallmenareofequalsize,weight,orstrength。theconceptofpoliticalequalitynolongerexisted,andthissecondarymeaninghadaccordinglybeenpurgedoutofthewordequal。in1984,whenoldspeakwasstillthenormalmeansofcommunication,thedangertheoreticallyexistedthatinusingnewspeakwordsonemightremembertheiroriginalmeanings。inpracticeitwasnotdifficultforanypersonwellgroundedindoublethinktoavoiddoingthis,butwithinacoupleofgenerationseventhepossibilityofsuchalapsewouldhavevanished。apersongrowingupwithnewspeakashissolelanguagewouldnomoreknowthatequalhadoncehadthesecondarymeaningof“politicallyequal”,orthatfreehadoncemeant“intellectuallyfree”,thanforinstance,apersonwhohadneverheardofchesswouldbeawareofthesecondarymeaningsattachingtoqueenandrook。therewouldbemanycrimesanderrorswhichitwouldbebeyondhispowertocommit,simplybecausetheywerenamelessandthereforeunimaginable。anditwastobeforeseenthatwiththepassageoftimethedistinguishingcharacteristicsofnewspeakwouldbecomemoreandmorepronounced—itswordsgrowingfewerandfewer,theirmeaningsmoreandmorerigid,andthechanceofputtingthemtoimproperusesalwaysdiminishing。

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260.英文正文(260)

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