2016年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(卷1)
Part01
大学英语四级历年真题与解析
2016年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(卷1)
PartIWriting
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourfriendswhohelpedyoumostwhenyouwereindifficulty.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
PartIIListeningComprehension
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
1.A)TheInternationalLaborOrganization'skeyobjective.
B)Thebasicsocialprotectionforthemostvulnerable.
C)Risingunemploymentworldwide.
D)Globaleconomicrecovery.
2.A)Manycountrieshavenottakenmeasurestocreateenoughjobs.
B)Fewcountriesknowhowtoaddressthecurrenteconomiccrisis.
C)Fewcountrieshaverealizedtheseriousnessofthecurrentcrisis.
D)Manycountriesneedsupporttoimprovetheirpeople'slivelihood.
Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
3.A)Servestandardizedfoodnationwide.B)Putcalorieinformationonthemenu.
C)Increaseproteincontentinthefood.D)Offerconvenientfoodtocustomers.
4.A)Theywillbefined.B)Theywillbeclosed.
C)Theywillgetawarning.D)Theywilllosecustomers.
Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
5.A)Inabilitytoimplementtheirbusinessplans.
B)Inabilitytokeepturningoutnovelproducts.
C)Lackofasuccessfulbusinessmodeloftheirown.
D)Failuretointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness.
6.A)Itisthesecrettobusinesssuccess.B)Itisthecreationofsomethingnew.
C)Itisamagictooltobringbigrewards.D)Itisanessentialpartofbusinessculture.
7.A)Itshardworkingemployees.B)Itsflexiblepromotionstrategy.
C)Itsinnovationculture.D)Itswillingnesstomakeinvestments.
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversationyouwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
8.A)He'sgotaddictedtotechnology.B)Heisnotverygoodatsocializing.
C)Heiscrazyabouttext-messaging.D)Hedoesnottalklongonthephone.
9.A)Talkbig.B)Talkatlength.C)Gossipalot.D)Forgetherself.
10.A)Hethoughtitwascool.B)Heneededthepractice.
C)Hewantedtostayconnectedwiththem.D)Hehadanurgentmessagetosend.
11.A)Itposesachallengetoseniors.B)Itsavesbothtimeandmoney.
C)Itischildishandunprofessional.D)Itiscoolandconvenient.
Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
12.A)Hewantstochangehisjobassignment.
B)Heisunhappywithhisdepartmentmanager.
C)Hethinkshedeservesextrapayforovertime.
D)Heisoftensingledoutforcriticismbyhisboss.
13.A)Hisworkloadwasmuchtooheavy.B)Hisimmediatebossdidnottrusthim.
C)Hiscolleaguesoftenrefusedtocooperate.D)Hissalarywastoolowforhisresponsibility.
14.A)Heneverknowshowtorefuse.B)Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.
C)Hisbosshasalotoftrustinhim.D)Hisbosshasnosenseoffairness.
15.A)Putallhiscomplaintsinwriting.B)Waitandseewhathappensnext.
C)Learntosay"no"whennecessary.D)Talktohisbossinpersonfirst.
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.A)Theimportanceofsleeptoahealthylife.
B)ReasonsforAmericans'declineinsleep.
C)Sometipstoimprovethequalityofsleep.
D)Diseasesassociatedwithlackofsleep.
17.A)Theyaremorehealth-conscious.B)Theyarechangingtheirlivinghabits.
C)Theygetlessandlesssleep.D)Theyknowthedangersoflackofsleep.
18.A)Theirweightwillgodown.B)Theirmindfunctionwilldeteriorate.
C)Theirworkefficiencywilldecrease.D)Theirbloodpressurewillrise.
Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.A)Howmuchyoucanaffordtopay.
B)Whatcourseyouaregoingtochoose.
C)Whichuniversityyouaregoingtoapplyto.
D)Whenyouaregoingtosubmityourapplication.
20.A)Thelistofcoursesstudied.B)Thefullrecordofscores.
C)Thereferencesfromteachers.D)Thepersonalstatement.
21.A)Specifywhattheywouldliketodoaftergraduation.
B)Describeindetailhowmuchtheywouldenjoystudying.
C)Indicatetheyhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject.
D)Emphasizethattheyadmiretheprofessorsintheuniversity.
Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.A)Itwasequippedwithrubbertyres.B)Itwasbuiltinthelate19thcentury.
C)ItwaspurchasedbytheRoyalfamily.D)ItwasdesignedbyanEnglishengineer.
23.A)Theyconsumedlotsofpetrol.B)Theytooktwopassengersonly.
C)Theyweredifficulttodrive.D)Theyoftenbrokedown.
24.A)Theywereproducedontheassemblyline.B)Theywerebuiltwithlesscostlymaterials.
C)TheyweremodeledafterBritishcars.D)Theyweremadeforordinaryuse.
25.A)Itmadenewsallovertheworld.B)ItwasbuiltfortheRoyalfamily.
C)Itmarkedanewerainmotortravel.D)Itattractedlargenumbersofmotorists.
PartIIIReadingComprehension
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions26to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
Physicalactivitydoesthebodygood,andthere'sgrowingevidencethatithelpsthebraintoo.ResearchersintheNetherlandsreportthatchildrenwhogetmoreexercise,whetheratschoolorontheirown,(26)tohavehigherGPAsandbetterscoresonstandardizedtests.Ina(27)of14studiesthatlookedatphysicalactivityandacademic(28),investigatorsfoundthatthemorechildrenmoved,thebettertheirgradeswereinschool,(29)inthebasicsubjectsofmath,Englishandreading.
Thedatawillcertainlyfueltheongoingdebateoverwhetherphysicaleducationclassesshouldbecutasschoolsstruggleto(30)onsmallerbudgets.Theargumentsagainstphysicaleducationhaveincludedconcernsthatgymtimemaybetakingawayfromstudytime.WithstandardizedtestscoresintheU.S.(31)inrecentyears,someadministratorsbelievestudentsneedtospendmoretimeintheclassroominsteadofontheplayground.Butasthesefindingsshow,exerciseandacademicsmaynotbe(32)exclusive.Physicalactivitycanimproveblood(33)tothebrain,fuelingmemory,attentionandcreativity,whichare(34)tolearning.Andexercisereleaseshormonesthatcanimprove(35)andrelievestress,whichcanalsohelplearning.Sowhileitmayseemasifkidsarejustexercisingtheirbodieswhenthey'rerunningaroud,theymayactuallybeexercisingtheirbrainsaswell.
A.attendanceB.consequentlyC.currentD.depressing
E.droppingF.essentialG.feasibleH.flow
I.moodJ.mutuallyK.particularlyL.performance
M.reviewN.surviveO.tend
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
FindingtheRightHome—andContentment,Too
A)Whenyourelderlyrelativeneedstoentersomesortoflong-termcarefacility—amomentfewparentsorchildrenapproachwithoutfear—whatyouwouldlikeistohaveeverythingmadeclear.
B)Doesassistedlivingreallymarkagreatimprovementoveranursinghome,orhastheindustrysimplyhiredbetterinteriordesigners?Arenursinghomesasbadaspeoplefear,oristhatanout-modedstereotype(固定看法)?Candoingone'shomeworkreallysteerfamiliestothebestplaces?Itisgenuinelyhardtoknow.
C)Iamabouttomakethingsmorecomplicatedbysuggestingthatwhatkindoffacilityanolderpersonlivesinmaymatterlessthanwehaveassumed.Andthatthecharacteristicsadultchildrenlookforwhentheybeginthesearcharenotnecessarilythethingsthatmakeadifferencetothepeoplewhoaregoingtomovein.Iamnottalkingaboutthequalityofcare,letmehastilyadd.Nobodyflourishesinagloomyenvironmentwithirresponsiblestaffandapoorsafetyrecord.Butanaccumulatingbodyofresearchindicatesthatsomedistinctionsbetweenonetypeofeldercareandanotherhavelittlerealbearingonhowwellresidentsdo.
D)Themostrecentofthesestudies,publishedinTheJournalofAppliedGerontology,surveyed150Connecticutresidentsofassistedliving,nursinghomesandsmallerresidentialcarehomes(knowninsomestatesasboardandcarehomesoradultcarehomes).ResearchersfromtheUniversityofConnecticutHealthCenteraskedtheresidentsalargenumberofquestionsabouttheirqualityoflife,emotionalwell-beingandsocialinteraction,aswellasaboutthequalityofthefacilities.
E)"Wethoughtwewouldseedifferencesbasedonthehousingtypes,"saidtheleadauthorofthestudy,JulieRobison,anassociateprofessorofmedicineattheuniversity.Areasonableassumption—don'tfamiliesstruggletoavoidnursinghomesandsufferrealguiltiftheycan't?
F)Intheinitialresults,assistedlivingresidentsdidpaintthemostpositivepicture.Theywerelesslikelytoreportsymptomsofdepressionthanthoseintheotherfacilities,forinstance,andlesslikelytobeboredorlonely.Theyscoredhigheronsocialinteraction.
G)Butwhentheresearcherspluggedinanumberofothervariables,suchdifferencesdisappeared.Itisnotthehousingtype,theyfound,thatcreatesdifferencesinresidents'responses."Itisthecharacteristicsofthespecificenvironmenttheyarein,combinedwiththeirownpersonalcharacteristics—howhealthytheyfeeltheyare,theirageandmaritalstatus,"Dr.Robisonexplained.Whetherresidentsfeltinvolvedinthedecisiontomoveandhowlongtheyhadlivedtherealsoprovedsignificant.
H)Anelderlypersonwhodescribesherselfasinpoorhealth,therefore,mightbenolessdepressedinassistedliving(evenifherchildrenpreferredit)thaninanursinghome.Apersonwhohadinputintowherehewouldmoveandhashadtimetoadapttoitmightdoaswellinanursinghomeasinasmallresidentialcarehome,otherfactorsbeingequal.Itisaninteractionbetweenthepersonandtheplace,notthesortofplaceinitself,thatleadstobetterorworseexperiences."Youcan'tjustsay,'Let'sputthispersoninaresidentialcarehomeinsteadofanursinghome—shewillbemuchbetteroff',"Dr.Robisonsaid."Whatmatters,"sheadded,"isacombinationofwhatpeoplebringinwiththem,andwhattheyfindthere."
I)Suchfindings,whichruncountertocommonsense,havesurfacedbefore.Inamulti-statestudyofassistedliving,forinstance,UniversityofNorthCarolinaresearchersfoundthatahostofvariables—thefacility'stype,sizeorage;whetherachainownedit;howattractivetheneighborhoodwas—hadnosignificantrelationshiptohowtheresidentsfaredintermsofillness,mentaldecline,hospitalizationsormortality.Whatmatteredmostwastheresidents'physicalhealthandmentalstatus.Whatpeoplewerelikewhentheycameinhadgreaterconsequencethanwhathappenedoncetheywerethere.
J)AsIwasconsideringallthis,apressreleasefromarespectedresearchfirmcrossedmydesk,announcingthatthefive-starratingsystemthatMedicaredevelopedin2008tohelpfamiliescomparenursinghomequalityalsohaslittlerelationshiptohowsatisfieditsresidentsortheirfamilymembersare.Asamatteroffact,consumersexpressedhighersatisfactionwiththeone-starfacilities,thelowestrated,thanwiththefive-starones.(Moreonthisstudyandthestarratingswillappearinasubsequentpost.)
K)Beforewecollectivelytearourhairout—howarewesupposedtofindourwayinalandscapethisconfusing?—hereisathoughtfromDr.PhilipSloane,ageriatrician(老年病学专家)attheUniversityofNorthCarolina:"Inaway,thatcouldbeliberatingforfamilies."
L)Ofcourse,sonsanddaughterswanttovisitthefacilities,talktotheadministratorsandresidentsandotherfamilies,anddoeverythingpossibletofulfilltheirduties.Butperhapstheydon'thavetoturnthemselvesintoprivateinvestigatorsorCongressionalsubcommittees."Familiescanlookabitmoreforwheretheresidentsaregoingtobehappy,"Dr.Sloanesaid.Andinvolvingthefutureresidentintheprocesscanbeveryimportant.
M)Weallhaveourownideasaboutwhatwouldbringourparentshappiness.Theyhavetheirideas,too.Afriendrecentlytookhermothertovisitanexpensiveassistedliving/nursinghomenearmytown.Ihaveseenthisplace—itiselegant,insideandout.Butnobodygreetedthedaughterandmotherwhentheyarrived,thoughthevisithadbeenplanned;nobodyintroducedthemtotheotherresidents.Whentheyhadlunchinthediningroom,theysataloneatatable.
N)Thedaughterfearedhermotherwouldbeignoredthere,andsoshedecidedtomoveherintoamorewelcomingfacility.Basedonwhatisemergingfromsomeofthisresearch,thatmighthavebeenasrationalawayasanytoreachadecision.
36.Manypeoplefeelguiltywhentheycannotfindaplaceotherthananursinghomefortheirparents.
37.Thoughithelpsforchildrentoinvestigatecarefacilities,involvingtheirparentsinthedecision-makingprocessmayproveveryimportant.
38.Itisreallydifficulttotellifassistedlivingisbetterthananursinghome.
39.Howaresidentfeelsdependsonaninteractionbetweenthemselvesandthecarefacilitytheylivein.
40.Theauthorthinksherfriendmadearationaldecisioninchoosingamorehospitableplaceoveranapparentlyelegantassistedlivinghome.
41.ThesystemMedicaredevelopedtoratenursinghomequalityisoflittlehelptofindingasatisfactoryplace.
42.Atfirsttheresearchersofthemostrecentstudyfoundresidentsinassistedlivingfacilitiesgavehigherscoresonsocialinteraction.
43.Whatkindofcarefacilityoldpeopleliveinmaybelessimportantthanwethink.
44.Thefindingsofthelatestresearchweresimilartoanearliermulti-statestudyofassistedliving.
45.Aresident'ssatisfactionwithacarefacilityhasmuchtodowithwhethertheyhadparticipatedinthedecisiontomoveinandhowlongtheyhadstayedthere.
SectionC
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespodingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Passageone
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
AsArtificialIntelligence(AI)becomesincreasinglysophisticated,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat.Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.
Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks,it'snecessarytotranslateourmoralsintoAIlanguage.
Forexample,ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse,youwouldn'twantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren."Youwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues,"saidRussell.
Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.Forexample,mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefromhumans.Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences,butifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace,youwouldn'tthinkthat'sthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo.
Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachines,ifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules.
Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless.
Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthathumanbeingsfailtososufficienttestingandthey'veproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo(禁忌).
Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation.
Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave,ithastheopportunitytostop,sendoutbeeps(嘟嘟声),andaskfordirectionsfromahuman.Ifwehumansaren'tquitesureaboutadecision,wegoandasksomebodyelse.
Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoral,andhowtocreateasetofethicalrules.Butifwecomeupwithananswer,robotscouldbegoodforhumanity.
46.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthethreatofrobots?
A)Itmayconstituteachallengetocomputerprogrammers.
B)Itaccompaniesallmachineryinvolvinghightechnology.
C)Itcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheirlanguage.
D)Ithasbecomeaninevitableperilastechnologygetsmoresophisticated.
47.Whatwouldwethinkofapersonwhoinvadesourpersonalspaceaccordingtotheauthor?
A)Theyareaggressive.B)Theyareoutgoing.
C)Theyareignorant.D)Theyareill-bred.
48.Howdorobotslearnhumanvalues?
A)Byinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifesituations.
B)Byfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings.
C)Bypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior.
D)Byimitatingthebehaviorofproperlybrought-uphumanbeings.
49.Whatwillawell-programmedrobotdowhenfacinganunusualsituation?
A)Keepadistancefrompossibledangers.
B)Stoptoseekadvicefromahumanbeing.
C)Triggeritsbuilt-inalarmsystematonce.
D)Dosufficienttestingbeforetakingaction.
50.Whatismostdifficulttodowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode?
A)Determinewhatismoralandethical.
B)Designsomelarge-scaleexperiments.
C)Setrulesforman-machineinteraction.
D)Developamoresophisticatedprogram.
PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Whydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothers?Youknowthestandardexplanations:keepingamoderatediet,engaginginregularexercise,etc.Butwhateffectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourlongevity(长寿)?Dosomekindsofpersonalitiesleadtolongerlives?AnewstudyinTheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast100.
Thestudyshowsthatthoselivingthelongestaremoreoutgoing,moreactiveandlessneurotic(神经质的)thanotherpeople.Long-livingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympatheticandcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan.Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromtheevolutionarytheory:thosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangatherenoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes.
Interestingly,however,othercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger.Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplined,forinstance,werenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold.Also,beingopentonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglife,whichmightexplainallthosebad-temperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheirways.
Whetheryoucansuccessfullychangeyourpersonalityasanadultisthesubjectofalongstandingpsychologicaldebate.Butthenewpapersuggeststhatifyouwantlonglife,youshouldstrivetobeasoutgoingaspossible.
Unfortunately,anotherrecentstudyshowsthatyourmother'spersonalitymayalsohelpdetermineyourlongevity.Thatstudylookedatnearly28,000Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxious,depressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkidsunhealthydiets.Patternsofchildhoodeatingcanbehardtobreakwhenwe'readults,whichmaymeanthatkidsofdepressedmomsendupdyingyounger.
Personalityisn'tdestiny(命运),andeveryoneknowsthatindividualscanlearntochange.Butbothstudiesshowthatlonglifeisn'tjustamatterofyourphysicalhealthbutofyourmentalhealth.
51.TheaimofthestudyinTheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietyis__.
A)toseewhetherpeople'spersonalityaffectstheirlifespan
B)tofindoutifone'slifestylehasanyeffectontheirhealth
C)toinvestigatetheroleofexerciseinlivingalonglife
D)toexamineallthefactorscontributingtolongevity
52.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutoutgoingandsympatheticpeople?
A)Theyhaveagoodunderstandingofevolution.
B)Theyarebetteratnegotiatinganagreement.
C)Theygenerallyappearmoreresourceful.
D)Theyaremorelikelytogetoverhardship.
53.Whatfindingofthestudymightprovesomewhatoutofourexpectation?
A)Easy-goingpeoplecanalsolivearelativelylonglife.
B)Personalitycharacteristicsthatproveadvantageousactuallyvarywithtimes.
C)Suchpersonalitycharacteristicsasself-disciplinehavenoeffectonlongevity.
D)Readinesstoacceptnewideashelpsoneenjoylongevity.
54.WhatdoestherecentstudyofNorwegianmothersshow?
A)Children'spersonalitycharacteristicsareinvariablydeterminedbytheirmothers.
B)Peoplewithunhealthyeatinghabitsarelikelytodiesooner.
C)Mothers'influenceonchildrenmaylastlongerthanfathers'.
D)Mothers'negativepersonalitycharacteristicsmayaffecttheirchildren'slifespans.
55.Whatcanwelearnfromthefindingsofthetwonewstudies?
A)Anxietyanddepressionmoreoftenthannotcutshortone'slifespan.
B)Longevityresultsfromacombinationofmentalandphysicalhealth.
C)Personalityplaysadecisiveroleinhowhealthyoneis.
D)Healthisinlargepartrelatedtoone'slifestyle.
PartIVTranslation
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet2.
功夫(KongFu)是中国武术(martialarts)的俗称。中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军士训练。它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人和老年人都练。它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素。作为中国的国宝，武术有上百种不同的风格，是世界上练得最多的武术形式。有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想、神话和传说的启发。
答案解析
PartIWriting
行文思路
这篇文章主要是写给朋友的一封感谢信。首先引出表示感谢的话，其次结合具体的事件作例子，最后抒发对朋友的感激之情。
第一段说明感谢的对象和原因。
第二段描述感谢朋友的具体事例。
第三段总结上文并抒发感激之情。
范文赏析
DearTom,
Iamwritingtoexpressmyheartfeltthankstoyouforyourhelp.
Lastsummer,wewouldholdthefinalexam.Istudiedandreviewedthelessonswithyoueveryday.Suddenly,onmywayhomefromschooloneday,Iwashitbyacar.Fortunately,Iwasnotindanger,butIneededtostayinhopitalforsometime.Iwassoworried,andIwasafraidthatIcouldn'tattendtheexam.Whatmadememovedwasthatyoucametothehospitaleverydayandhelpedmewithmylessons.Moreover,youencouragedmealot.Withyourhelp,Inotonlytooktheexamsmoothly,butalsogotgoodgrades.
Youaremybestfriend,andIappreciateyourhelp.Ifitweren'tforyou,Iwouldn'thavepassedtheexam.
Yourssincerely,
David
PartII听力原文及答案解析
SectionA
NewsReports
NewsReportOne
TheInternationalLaborOrganizationsaysthenumberofpeoplewithoutjobsisincreasing.Initslatestupdateonglobalemploymenttrends,theagencysaysprojectionsofthenumberofunemployedpeoplethisyearrangefrom210milliontonearly240millionpeople.Thereportwarnsthat200millionpoorworkersareatriskofjoiningtheranksofpeoplelivingonlessthan2dollarsperdayinthepastthreeyears.ThedirectorgeneraloftheInternationalLaborOrganizationJuanSomavianotesthatsomecountrieshavetakenmeasurestoaddresstheeffectsoftheglobalcrisis.
However,hepointsoutthatmanycountrieshavenotdoneso.Andbasedonpastexperiences,ittakesfourtofiveyearsaftereconomicrecoveryforunemploymenttoreturntopre-crisislevels.Mr.SomaviasaystheInternationalLaborOrganizationisproposingaglobaljobs'agreementtodealwithunemployment."Itskeyobjectiveistoplaysothecenterofrecoveryefforts,measuresthatwouldgeneratehighlevelsofemploymentandprovidebasicsocialprotectionforthemostvulnerable."
1.Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?
答案：C.Risingunemploymentworldwide.
点睛解析：该题是主旨题。根据新闻的第一句...thenumberofpeoplewithoutjobsisincreasing.可知，新闻是关于失业率上升的问题。所以选C。
2.Whatdoes,JuanSomavia,directorgeneraloftheInternationalLaborOrganizationsay?
答案：C.Fewcountrieshaverealizedtheseriousnessofthecurrentcrisis.
点睛解析：JuanSomavia首先说道somecountrieshavetakenmeasurestoaddresstheeffectsoftheglobalcrisis，接着又指出manycountrieshavenotdoneso，所以选项C：很少有国家意识到当前危机的严重性，符合题意。
NewsReportTwo
BigfastfoodchainsinNewYorkCityhavestartedtoobeyafirstofitskindrule,requiringthemtopostcaloriecountsrightonthemenu.CathyNursesiswiththeNewYorkCitydepartmentofhealth,"Wewanttogivepeopleanopportunitytoactuallyseethecaloriesbeforetheypurchasethefoodandmakeadecisionandinformdecision.Thatiftheywanttomaketheirhealthierchoice,iftheywanttoeatfewercaloriestheycan.Andweexpectthiswillhaveahugeimpactonobesity.Andofcourse,ifithasanimpactonobesity,itwillhaveanimpactondiabetesandheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure."Thenewruleswillbeintroducedasapartofanti-obesitycampaign.Thatalsoincludesarecentcitywidebanonartificialtrans-fatsinrestaurantfood.Themenurollonlyappliestorestaurantsthatservestandardizedpotionsizesandhavefiftymorelocationsnationwide.StartinglastSaturday,chainsbigenoughtofallundertherulewillfacepenaltiesabout2000dollarsfornotshowingcalorieinformationinaprominentspotontheirmenuspreferablynexttotheprice.
3.WhatarebigfastfoodchainsinNewYorkCityrequiredtodoaccordingtothenewrule?
答案：B.Putcalorieinformationonthemenu.
点睛解析：根据新闻的第一句：...requiringthemtopostcaloriecountsrightonthemenu.可知，选项B是正确答案。
4.Whatwouldhappentobigrestaurantchainsthatviolatethenewrule?
答案：A.Theywillbefined.
点睛解析：新闻结尾部分提到：...chainsbigenoughtofallundertherulewillfacepenaltiesabout2,000dollarsfornotshowingcalorieinformation...，所以违背新规则的大型餐饮连锁店将会被罚款。选A。
NewsReportThree
Almostallcompaniesrecognizetheimportanceofinnovationtoday.Butnotmanyareabletointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness.
AcommentaryintheShanghaiDailypointsoutthatinnovationdoesn'tmeanpilesofdocuments.Itissomethingmorepractical.Thearticlesaysmanypeopletendtoassumethatinnovationjustmeanscreatingsomethingnew,butactuallyit'smorethanthat.It'sanattitudeofdoingthings.Acompanyshouldfindwaystoinnovatenotjustinproductsbutalsoinfunctions,businessmodelsandprocesses.
ThearticlecitestheglobalgiantProcter&Gambleasanexample,sayingarealinnovativecompanyshoulddevelopaninnovationcultureanduseitasaprimarytoolforsuccess.Procter&Gamblehasa"CorporateInnovationFund"whichoffersbigrewardsforhigh-riskideasthatsucceed.Italsohasaspecialinnovationfacilityforitsemployees.Sometimesitsemployeesarereleasedfromtheirdailyjobsforweeksandspendtheirtimeinteractingintheinnovationfacilityinstead.Inconclusion,thearticlesaysinnovativeideasalonedonotensuresuccess.It'spointlessunlessthereisarepeatableprocessinplacetoturninspirationintofinancialperformance.
5.Whatistheproblemwithmanycompaniesaccordingtothenewsreport?
答案：D.Failuretointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness.
点睛解析：新闻开头提到：Butnotmanyareabletointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness.选项D是同义替换，是正确答案。
6.Whatdomanypeopletendtothinkofinnovation?
答案：B.Itisthecreationofsomethingnew.
点睛解析：根据...manypeopletendtoassumethatinnovationjustmeanscreatingsomethingnew，可知B是正确答案。
7.WhatdoesthecompanyProcter&Gambleoweitssuccessto?
答案：C.Itsinnovationculture.
点睛解析：句意：一个真正创新的公司应该发展创新文化，并把它作为成功的主要工具。可知这家公司把成功归功于创新文化。
SectionB
Conversations
ConversationOne
M:So,Linzy,doyouliketotextmessageonyourcellphone?
W:Yeah,Itextmessagealot.
M:Idon'tdoitsomuch.IprefertomakeacallifI'minahurry.
W:Yeah,Igobothways.SometimesIdon'treallywanttotalktotheperson.Ijustwanttoaskthemonequestion,soit'smucheasierformejusttotextmessage.IfIcallthem,I'llhavetohavealongconversation.
M:Yeah,Icanseewhatyoumean.ButIgetoffthephoneprettyquicklywhenIcall.I'mnotabigtalker.
W:Yeah,that'strue.Youdon'ttalkalot.
M:Soareyoufastatwritingthemessageswithyourthumb?
W:Well,whenIfirstgotacellphone,Iwassoslow.IthoughtIwouldnevertextmessage.Butthenpeoplekepttextmessagingme,soIfeltobligedtolearnhowtotextmessage.SonowI'mprettyfast.Whataboutyou?
M:ActuallyIhavetheoppositeproblem.WhenIfirstgotmycellphone,Ithoughtitwassocooltotextmessageallmyfriendswhohaveone,andIwasprettyfastwithmythumbthen.ButitseemslikenowIdon'tuseitsomuch;I'vegotsloweractually.
W:Yeah,Ithinktextmessagingactuallyiswhatyouhavetodowithyourage.Forexample,peopleinhighschool,theytextmessagealot.ButIaskmyfatherifhetextedmessages,andguesswhathesaid!
M:What?
W:Hesaidhe'dnevertextmessage.Hethinksit'sverychildishandunprofessionaltotextmessage.
M:Yeah,Icanseewhathemeans.It'sconsideredprettyinformaltotextmessagetosomeone.
8.Whatdoesthemansayabouthimself?
答案：D.Hedoesnottalklongonthephone.
点睛解析：对话中男士说：ButIgetoffthephoneprettyquicklywhenIcall.I'mnotabigtalker.由此可知，男士打电话的时间不长。选D。
9.Whatdoesthewomantendtodowhilesheisonthephone?
答案：B.Talkatlength.
点睛解析：在对话中，女士说：IfIcallthem,I'llhavetohavealongconversation.由此可知，女士打电话的时候会说很长时间。选B。
10.Whydidthemantextmessageallhisfriendswhenhefirstgothiscellphone?
答案：A.Hethoughtitwascool.
点睛解析：男士说道：WhenIfirstgotmycellphone,Ithoughtitwassocooltotextmessageallmyfriendswhohaveone，所以选A。
11.Whatdoesthewoman'sfatherthinkoftextmessaging?
答案：C.Itischildishandunprofessional.
点睛解析：根据Hethinksit'sverychildishandunprofessionaltotextmessage.可知，选C。
ConversationTwo
W:Goodmorning,Mr.Johnson.HowcanIhelpyou?
M:Well,I'dliketotalktoyouaboutTimBond,thedepartmentmanager.
W:Whatseemstobetheproblem?
M:Well,eversinceSandraleftthedepartment,IfeellikeI'vebeentargetedtodoallherworkaswellasmine.I'mexpectedtoattendtoomanymeetingsadIseemtobespendingalotofmytimedoingunnecessarypaperwork.
W:I'msorrytohearthat.
M:And,ontopofthat,I'dspecificallyaskedifIcouldleaveearlylastFridayasI'ddonealotofovertimeduringtheweek.Butthatafternoon,eventhoughI'dfinishedmyassignedwork,Iwastoldtohelpothercolleaguesfinishtheirwork,too.
W:Butsurelythat'sapositivesignshowingthatMr.Bondhasalotoftrustinyou.
M:Yes,butothercolleaguesgettoleaveearly,andtheydon'thavesuchalotofworktodo.
W:Soyoufeelhe'sreallymakingunrealisticdemandsonyou?
M:Yes,absolutely.
W:HaveyouapproachedMr.Bondaboutthisparticularproblem?
M:I'vetried,butitseemslikehejusthasnotimeforme.
W:Well,atthisstage,itwouldbebetterifyouapproachhimdirectly,ifnothingelseshowsthatyou'vetriedtosolvetheproblemyourselfbeforeyoutakeitfurther.Makesitclearthatyou'renotjustacomplainer.Whydon'tyousendanemailrequestingameetingwithhiminprivate?
M:Hmm,I'vebeenabitworriedabouthisreaction.ButanywayI'llsendhimanemailtorequestameeting,andI'llseewhathappensfromthere.Thanksforyouradvice.
W:Goodluck.Andletusknowtheoutcome.
12.Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?
答案：B.Heisunhappywithhisdepartmentmanager.
点睛解析：从对话中我们可以听出，男士在向女士抱怨...TimBond,thedepartmentmanager.由此可知，选项B“他对部门经理不满意”，符合题意。
13.Whatistheman'schiefcomplaint?
答案：A.Hisworkloadwasmuchtooheavy.
点睛解析：对话中男士向女士抱怨他的工作量太多，所以选A。
14.Howdoesthewomaninterpretthefactthatthemanwasaskedtohelphiscolleagueswiththeirwork?
答案：C.Hisbosshasalotoftrustinhim.
点睛解析：根据女士的话：...that'sapositivesignshowingthatMr.Bondhasalotoftrustinyou.可知选C。
15.Whatdidthewomanadvisethemantodo?
答案：D.Talktohisbossinpersonfirst.
点睛解析：女士向男士建议：Whydon'tyousendanemailrequestingameetingwithhiminprivate?inprivate和inperson同义。选D。
SectionC
Passages
PassageOne
Themassivedeclineinsleephappenedsoslowlyandquietlythatfewseemedtonoticethetrend.WasitbecauseofthegrowingattractionoftheInternet,videogamesandendlessTVchannels?Neverdisconnectingfromwork?Nomatterhowithappened,millionsofAmericansareputtingtheirhealth,qualityoflifeandevenlengthoflifeindanger.
Newevidenceshowswhygettingenoughsleepisatoppriority.Some40%ofAmericansgetlessthan7hoursofshut-eyeonweeknights."Thelinkbetweensleepandhealth,andbadsleepanddiseaseisbecomingclearerandclearer,"saysLawrenceAlberstaine,asleepexpertatHarvardUniversity.Forexample,sleepdurationhasdeclinedfromsome8hoursinthe1950sto7inrecentyears.Atthesametime,highbloodpressurehasbecomeanincreasingproblem.Bloodpressureandheartratearetypicallyattheirlowestlevelsduringsleep.Peoplewhosleeplesstendtohavehigherbloodpressure,heartattack,diabetes,weightgainandotherproblems.
Sleepingbettermayhelpfightoffillness."Whenpeoplearesleep-derived,therearehigherlevelsofstresshormonesintheirbodieswhichcandecreaseimmunefunction,"saysDoctorFelice,ofNorthwesternUniversityinChicago.AuniversityofChicagostudyshowspeoplewhosleepwelllivelonger.Sosaygoodnightsooneranditmayhelpyoustayactiveandvitaltoaripeoldage.
16.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?
答案：A.Theimportanceofsleeptoahealthylife.
点睛解析：文章中提到了睡眠减少会引起的疾病，由此可知，文章主要是关于睡眠和健康的关系，所以选A。
17.Whatdowelearnfromthetalkabouttoday'sAmericans?
答案：C.Theygetlessandlesssleep.
点睛解析：根据文中Some40%ofAmericansgetlessthan7hoursofshut-eyeonweeknights.可知，如今美国人的睡眠时间越来越少。所以选C。
18.Whatdoesthespeakersaywillhappentopeoplewholacksleep?
答案：D.Theirbloodpressurewillrise.
点睛解析：文章后半部分提到Peoplewhosleeplesstendtohavehigherbloodpressure...，所以选D。
PassageTwo
Parentsandteacherswilltellyounottoworrywhenapplyingforaplaceatauniversity,butinthesamebreathwillremindyouthatitisthemostimportantdecisionofyourlife.
Thefirstdecisionisyourchoiceofcourse.Itwilldependonwhatyouwanttogetoutofuniversity,whatyouaregoodatandwhatyouenjoy.Thenextdecisioniswheretoapply.Aimhighbutwithinreason.Doyouhavetherightcombinationofsubjectsandareyourexpectedgradeslikelytomeetentryrequirements?ThedeadlineisJanuary15th.Butitisbesttosubmityourapplicationearlybecauseuniversitiesbeginworkassoonasformsstartrollingin.
Themostimportantpartoftheapplicationisthemuchfearedpersonalstatement.Thisisyourchancetoconveyboundlessenthusiasmforthesubject.Soeconomyofexpressionisforemost.Omitdullandineffectivegeneralitiesandmakesureyougiveconcreteexamples.
Admissionsofficersreadeverypersonalstatementthatarrives.Itisnotconvincingifyousayyouhavechosenthesubjectbecauseyouenjoyit.Youhavetogetacrosswhatitisaboutaparticularareathathasinspiredyou.Theywilllookforevidencethatyouhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject.
Applicantsshouldbehonest.Thereisnopointsayingyourunmarathons,ifyouaregoingtobeoutofbreatharrivingattheinterviewonthesecondfloor.
19.Whatisthefirstdecisionyoushouldmakeinpreparingtoapplyforaplaceatauniversity?
答案：B.Whatcourseyouaregoingtochoose.
点睛解析：文章前面提到Thefirstdecisionisyourchoiceofcourse.即你要选什么课程，所以选B。
20.Whatisthemostimportantpartoftheapplication?
答案：D.Thepersonalstatement.
点睛解析：同义替换：Themostimportantpartoftheapplicationisthemuchfearedpersonalstatement.所以选D。
21.Whatmustapplicantsdointheirpersonalstatements?
答案：C.Indicatetheyhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject.
点睛解析：文章结尾部分提到：Theywilllookforevidencethatyouhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject.选项A、B和D与题意不符，选C。
PassageThree
ItisusuallyagreedthataGerman,CarlBenz,builtthefirstmotorcarin1885.Itwasactuallyatricyclewithapetrolmotorattherear.Soon,membersoftheroyalfamilyandotherwealthypeopletookupmotoringasasport.Manyoftheearlycarshad2seats.Therewerenopetrolpumpsandfewgarages,soeverydriverhadtobehisownengineerforthefrequentbreakdowns.
By1905,carsbegantolooklikecarsoftoday,withheadlamps,windscreen,rubbletiresandnumberplates.HenryFord'sModelTintroducedinAmericain1909wascheaperbecauseitwasmadeontheassemblyline.Itbroughtcarsclosertowardsthereachofordinarypeople.Withthepopularityofthecar,registrationbecameamustin1903withthemotorcaract.Competencytestswereintroducedin1935.
Today,thelegaldrivingageforacarintheUKis17.Youarenotallowedtodriveacarunsuperviseduntilyouhavepassedadrivingtest.In1958,Britaincelebratedtheopeningofitsfirstmotorway—thePrestonBypass.Untilthen,noonereallyunderstoodwhatamotorwaywas,noteventhelaborerswhowerebuildingit.Thebypassheldanewerainmotortravelandwasgreetedwithexcitementandoptimism.Servicestationscamewiththemotorwayandthelegendofthetransportcafewasborn.Ofcourse,theservicestationhasdiversifiedgreatly.Butwhetherit'sanEnglish-cookedbreakfastoracoffeeandasandwich,onethinghasremainedthesame:theprices.
22.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthefirstmotorcar?
答案：B.Itwasbuiltinthelate19thcentury.
点睛解析：根据文章的第一句和第二句可知，人们普遍认为第一辆汽车是在19世纪后期制造的。选B。
23.WhatwastheproblemwiththeearlycarsinBritain?
答案：D.Theyoftenbrokedown.
点睛解析：文章开始部分提到：Therewerenopetrolpumpsandfewgarages,soeverydriverhadtobehisownengineerforthefrequentbreakdowns.即早期的车子经常出毛病，所以选D。
24.WhydidHenryFord'sModelTcarscostless?
答案：A.Theywereproducedontheassemblyline.
点睛解析：文章中有明显的解释：...becauseitwasmadeontheassemblyline.选A。
25.WhatdowelearnaboutthePrestonBypass?
答案：C.Itmarkedanewerainmotortravel.
点睛解析：选项A和B在文中没有提及，项D与文意不符，根据文中Thebypassheldanewerainmotortravel...，选项C是正确答案。
PartIII阅读答案及点睛解析
SectionA
26.tend
点睛解析：tendto是固定搭配，表示“倾向于……”。
27.review
点睛解析：inareviewof是固定搭配，意为“回顾”。
28.attendance
点睛解析：空格处为名词，根据分析，只有attendance,mood和performance符合条件，与physicalactivity并列，且与academic连用，只能是attendance。
29.particularly
点睛解析：空格处所在的整个句子完整，由此可知，空格处应为副词，后面的内容呈递进趋势，所以选K。
30.survive
点睛解析：空格处应为动词，flow流动，survive生存，存在。分析句意，survive是不及物动词，onsmallerbudgets在句子中是状语。
31.dropping
点睛解析：空格处应为动词的ing形式，在句中作状语，depressing沉闷的，dropping下降的，与成绩相关的只能是dropping。
32.mutually
点睛解析：exclusive是形容词，空格处为副词，修饰形容词。mutuallyexclusive是固定搭配，意为“互斥”。
33.flow
点睛解析：空格处是动词，flow流动，与blood一起连用，符合句意。
34.essential
点睛解析：空格处为形容词，只有essential必要的，本质的，符合题意。
35.performance
点睛解析：空格处应是名词，与后文的stress构成并列，选L。
SectionB
36.E
点睛解析：根据题干可定位至E段的最后一句：don'tfamiliesstruggletoavoidnursinghomesandsufferrealguiltiftheycan't?
37.L
点睛解析：L段的最后一句提到：Andinvolvingthefutureresidentintheprocesscanbeveryimportant.thefutureresident就是那些老人，孩子的父母。
38.B
点睛解析：题干中的tellif...isbetterthan...和B段中的Does...reallymarkagreatimprovementover...同义。
39.H
点睛解析：题干中的Howaresidentfeels和H段中的betterorworseexperiences相对应；betweenthemselvesandthecarefacilitytheylivein和betweenthepersonandtheplace相对应。
40.N
点睛解析：题干中的arationaldecision和N段中的asrationalawayasanytoreachadecision相对应；choosingamorehospitableplace和amorewelcomingfacility相对应。
41.J
点睛解析：题干和J段中的systemthatMedicaredevelopedin2008tohelpfamiliescomparenursinghomequalityalsohaslittlerelationshiptohowsatisfieditsresidentsortheirfamilymembersare相对应。
42.F
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位至F段中的assistedlivingresidentsdidpaintthemostpositivepicture和Theyscoredhigheronsocialinteraction.
43.C
点睛解析：题干和C段中的whatkindoffacilityanolderpersonlivesinmaymatterlessthanwehaveassumed相对应。
44.I
点睛解析：I段第一句提到：Suchfindings...havesurfacedbefore，紧接着以举例的形式提到multi-statestudyofassistedliving。
45.G
点睛解析：G段的最后一句提到：Whetherresidentsfeltinvolvedinthedecisiontomoveandhowlongtheyhadlivedtherealsoprovedsignificant，该信息与题干对应。
SectionC
46.C
点睛解析：根据题干可定位至第一段。robotscouldbecomeathreat，紧接着又提到这种威胁是可以避免的：ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode，选C。
47.D
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位至第四段，该段第三句提到，youwouldn'tthinkthat'sthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo你无论如何也不会觉得这是一个有教养的人会做的事。ill-bred和properlybrought-up是反义词，所以选D。
48.C
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位至第六段，该段第一句提到Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior，C项中的massivedataonhumanbehavior与此同义。
49.B
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位至第八段，该段提到：Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation.是对该题目的回答。
50.A
点睛解析：最后一段第一句就提到：Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoral,andhowtocreateasetofethicalrules.选项A是正确答案。
51.A
点睛解析：第一段中的两个问题正是该杂志的研究目标，选项A是这两个问题的概括，所以选A。
52.D
点睛解析：文章第二段最后一句提到：...thosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangatherenoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes，makeitthroughtoughtimes与getoverhardship同义。选项B和C属于以偏概全，选项A没有提及。
53.C
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位至第三段，该段提到：Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplined,forinstance,werenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold.自律的人并不会更加长寿，选项C与此同义。
54.D
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位至第五段，该段提到：...thosemomswhoweremoreanxious,depressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkidsunhealthydiets.选D。
55.B
点睛解析：文章最后一句提到：longlifeisn'tjustamatterofyourphysicalhealthbutofyourmentalhealth长寿不仅是生理健康问题，更是精神健康问题。选项B是该信息的同义表述。
PartIVTranslation
KongFuiscommonlyknownasChinesemartialarts.TheoriginofChinesemartialartscanbetracedbacktotheneedsofself-defense,huntingandancientChinesesoldiers'training.ItisakindofChinesetraditionalsports,andboththeyoungandoldarepracticing.IthasgraduallyevolvedintoauniqueelementofChineseculture.AsChina'snationaltreasure,therearehundredsofdifferentstylesofmartialarts,whichistheworld'smostpracticedform.Somestylesimitatethemovementsofanimals,whileothersareinspiredbyChinesephilosophicalideas,mythsandlegends.