2016年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(卷2)
2016年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(卷2)
PartIWriting
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourschoolteachersuponenteringcollege.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
PartIIListeningComprehension
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
1.A)Howcollegestudentscanimprovetheirsleephabits.
B)Whysufficientsleepisimportantforcollegestudents.
C)Whycollegestudentsaremorelikelytohavestressproblems.
D)Howcollegestudentscanhandletheirpsychologicalproblems.
2.A)Itisnoteasytoimproveone'ssleephabits.
B)Itisnotgoodforstudentstoplayvideogames.
C)Studentswhoarebetterpreparedgenerallygethigherscoresinexaminations.
D)Makinglast-minutepreparationsfortestsmaybelesseffectivethansleeping.
Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
3.A)WhethermoreairportsshouldbebuiltaroundLondon.
B)Whetheradequateinvestmentisbeingmadetoimproveairportfacilities.
C)WhethertheBritishAirportsAuthorityshouldselloffsomeofitsassets.
D)WhethertheSpanishcompanycouldofferbetterservice.
4.A)Inefficientmanagement.B)Poorownershipstructure.
C)Lackofinnovationandcompetition.D)Lackofrunwayandterminalcapacity.
Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
5.A)Reportthenicotinecontentoftheircigarettes.
B)Setalimittotheproductionoftheircigarettes.
C)Takestepstoreducenicotineintheirproducts.
D)Studytheeffectsofnicotineonyoungsmokers.
6.A)Thebiggestincreaseinnicotinecontenttendedtobeinbrandsyoungsmokerslike.
B)Bigtobaccocompanieswerefrankwiththeircustomersaboutthehazardsofsmoking.
C)Brandswhichcontainhighernicotinecontentwerefoundtobemuchmorepopular.
D)Tobaccocompaniesrefusedtodiscussthedetailednicotinecontentoftheirproducts.
7.A)Theypromisedtoreducethenicotinecontentincigarettes.
B)Theyhavenotfullyrealizedtheharmfuleffectofnicotine.
C)Theywerenotpreparedtocommentonthecigarettestudy.
D)Theywillpaymoreattentiontothequalityoftheirproducts.
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversationyouwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
8.A)Indonesia.B)Holland.C)Sweden.D)England.
9.A)Gettingacoachwhocanofferrealhelp.
B)TalkingwithherboyfriendinDutch.
C)Learningalanguagewhereitisnotspoken.
D)Acquiringthenecessaryabilitytosocialize.
10.A)Listeningtolanguageprogramsontheradio.
B)Tryingtospeakitasmuchasonecan.
C)Makingfriendswithnativespeakers.
D)Practicingreadingaloudasoftenaspossible.
11.A)Itcreatesanenvironmentforsocializing.
B)Itoffersvariouscourseswithcreditpoints.
C)Ittrainsyoungpeople'sleadershipabilities.
D)Itprovidesopportunitiesforlanguagepractice.
Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
12.A)Theimpactofenginedesignonroadsafety.B)Therolepolicemenplayintrafficsafety.
C)Asenseoffreedomdrivinggives.D)Rulesandregulationsfordriving.
13.A)Makecarswithautomaticcontrol.B)Makecarsthathavebetterbrakes.
C)Makecarsthatarelesspowerful.D)Makecarswithhigherstandards.
14.A)Theytendtodriveresponsibly.B)Theyliketogoathighspeed.
C)Theykeepwithinspeedlimits.D)Theyfollowtrafficrulesclosely.
15.A)Itisabadidea.B)Itisnotuseful.
C)Itisaseffectiveasspeedbumps.D)Itshouldbecombinedwitheducation.
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.A)Thecardgotdamaged.B)Thecardwasfoundinvalid.
C)Thecardreaderfailedtodothescanning.D)Thecardreaderbrokedownunexpectedly.
17.A)Bycoveringthecreditcardwithalayerofplastic.
B)Bycallingthecreditcardcompanyforconfirmation.
C)ByseekinghelpfromthecardreadermakerVerifone.
D)Bytypingthecreditcardnumberintothecashregister.
18.A)Affectthesalesofhigh-techappliances.
B)ChangethelifestyleofmanyAmericans.
C)Givebirthtomanynewtechnologicalinventions.
D)Producemanylow-techfixesforhigh-techfailures.
Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.A)Theyaresetbythedeanofthegraduateschool.
B)Theyaredeterminedbytheadvisingboard.
C)Theyleavemuchroomforimprovement.
D)Theyvaryamongdifferentdepartments.
20.A)Byconsultingtheexaminingcommittee.B)ByreadingtheBulletinofInformation.
C)Bycontactingthedepartmentaloffice.D)Byvisitingtheuniversity'swebsite.
21.A)Theyspecifythenumberofcreditsstudentsmustearn.
B)Theyarehardertomeetthanthoseforundergraduates.
C)Theyhavetobeapprovedbytheexaminingcommittee.
D)Theyarethesameamongvariousdivisionsoftheuniversity.
Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.A)Studentsmajoringinnutrition.B)Studentsinhealthclasses.
C)Ph.D.candidatesindieting.D)Middleandhighschoolteachers.
23.A)Itsoverestimateoftheeffectofdieting.B)Itsmistakenconceptionofnutrition.
C)Itschangingcriteriaforbeauty.D)Itsoveremphasisonthinness.
24.A)Toillustrateherpointthatbeautyisbutskindeep.
B)Todemonstratethemagiceffectofdietingonwomen.
C)Toexplainhowcomputerimagescanbemisleading.
D)Toprovethattechnologyhasimpactedourculture.
25.A)Topersuadegirlstostopdieting.
B)Topromoteherownconceptofbeauty.
C)Toestablishanemotionalconnectionwithstudents.
D)Tohelpstudentsridthemselvesofbadlivinghabits.
PartIIIReadingComprehension
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions26to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
Contrarytopopularbelief,olderpeoplegenerallydonotwanttolivewiththeirchildren.Moreover,mostadultchildren(26)everybitasmuchcareandsupporttotheiragingparentsaswasthecaseinthe"goodolddays",androostolderpeopledonotfeel(27).
About80%ofpeople65yearsandolderhavelivingchildren,andabout90%ofthemhave(28)contactwiththeirchildren.About75%ofelderlyparentswhodon'tgotonursinghomeslivewithin30minutesofatleastoneoftheirchildren.
However,(29)havingcontactwithchildrendoesnotguaranteehappinessinoldag.Infact,someresearchhasfoundthatpeoplewhoaremostinvolvedwiththeirfamilieshavethelowestspirits.Thisresearchmaybe(30),however,asillhealthoftenmakesolderpeoplemore(31)andtherebyincreasescontactwithfamilymembers.Soitismorelikelythatpoorhealth,notjustfamilyinvolvement,(32)spirits.
Increasingly,researchershavebeguntolookatthequalityofrelationships,ratherthanatthefrequencyofcontact,betweentheelderlyandtheirchildren.Ifparentsandchildrenshareinterestsandvaluesandagreeonchildrearingpracticesandreligious(33)theyarelikelytoenjoyeachother'scompany.Disagreementsonsuchmatterscan(34)causeproblems.Ifparentsareangeredbytheirdaughter'sdivorce,dislikehernewhusband,anddisapproveofhowsheisraisingtheirgrandchildren,(35)arethattheyarenotgoingtoenjoyhervisits.
A.abandonedB.advancedC.biasedD.chances
E.commitmentF.dampensG.dependentH.distant
I.frequentJ.fulfillmentK.grantL.merely
M.provideN.understandablyO.unrealistically
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
CouldFoodShortagesBringDownCivilization?
A)FormanyyearsIhavestudiedglobalagricultural,population,environmentalandeconomictrendsandtheirinteractions.Thecombinedeffectsofthosetrendsandthepoliticaltensionstheygeneratepointtothebreakdownofgovernmentsandsocieties.YetI,too,haveresistedtheideathatfoodshortagescouldbringdownnotonlyindividualgovernmentsbutalsoourglobalcivilization.
B)Icannolongerignorethatrisk.Ourcontinuingfailuretodealwiththeenvironmentaldeclinesthatareunderminingtheworldfoodeconomyforcesmetoconcludethatsuchacollapseispossible.
C)Asdemandforfoodrisesfasterthansupplies,theresultingfood-priceinflationputsseverestressonthegovernmentsofmanycountries.Unabletobuygrainorgrowtheirown,hungrypeopletaketothestreets.Indeed,evenbeforethesteepclimbingrainpricesin2008,thenumberoffailingstateswasexpanding.Ifthefoodsituationcontinuestoworsen,entirenationswillbreakdownataneverincreasingrate.Inthe20thcenturythemainthreattointernationalsecuritywassuperpowerconflict;todayitisfailingstates.
D)Statesfailwhennationalgovernmentscannolongerprovidepersonalsecurity,foodsecurityandbasicsocialservicessuchaseducationandhealthcare.Whengovernmentslosetheircontrolonpower,lawandorderbegintodisintegrate.Afterapoint,countriescanbecomesodangerousthatfoodreliefworkersarenolongersafeandtheirprogramsarehalted.Failingstatesareofinternationalconcernbecausetheyareasourceofterrorists,drugs,weaponsandrefugees(难民),threateningpoliticalstabilityeverywhere.
E)Thesurgeinworldgrainpricesin2007and2008—andthethreattheyposetofoodsecurity—hasadifferent,moretroublingqualitythantheincreasesofthepast.Duringthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,grainpricesrosedramaticallyseveraltimes.In1972,forinstance,theSoviets,recognizingtheirpoorharvestearly,quietlycorneredtheworldwheatmarket.Asaresult,wheatpriceselsewheremorethandoubled,pullingriceandcornpricesupwiththem.Butthisandotherpriceshockswereevent-driven—droughtintheSovietUnion,crop-shrinkingheatintheU.S.CornBelt.Andtheriseswereshort-lived:pricestypicallyreturnedtonormalwiththenextharvest.
F)Incontrast,recentsurgeinworldgrainpricesistrend-driven,makingitunlikelytoreversewithoutareversalinthetrendsthemselves.Onthedemandside,thosetrendsincludetheongoingadditionofmorethan70millionpeopleayear,agrowingnumberofpeoplewantingtomoveupthefoodchaintoconsumehighlygrain-intensivemeatproducts,andthemassivediversion(转向)ofU.S.graintotheproductionofbio-fuel.
G)Asincomesriseamonglow-incomeconsumers,thepotentialforfurthergrainconsumptionishuge.Butthatpotentialpalesbesidethenever-endingdemandforcrop-basedfuels.Afourthofthisyear'sU.S.grainharvestwillgotofuelcars.
H)Whataboutsupply?Thethreeenvironmentaltrends—theshortageoffreshwater,thelossoftopsoilandtherisingtemperatures—aremakingitincreasinglyhardtoexpandtheworld'sgrainsupplyfastenoughtokeepupwithdemand.Ofallthosetrends,however,thespreadofwatershortagesposesthemostimmediatethreat.Thebiggestchallengehereisirrigation,whichconsumes70%theworld'sfreshwater.Millionsofirrigationwellsinmanycountriesarenowpumpingwateroutofundergroundsourcesfasterthanrainfallcanrefillthem.Theresultisfallingwatertables(地下水位)incountrieswithhalftheworld'speople,includingthethreebiggrainproducers—China,IndiaandtheU.S.
I)Aswatertableshavefallenandirrigationwellshavegonedry,China'swheatcrop,theworld'slargest,hasdeclinedby8%sinceitpeakedat123milliontonsin1997.ButwatershortagesareevenmoreworryinginIndia.Millionsofirrigationwellshavesignificantlyloweredwatertablesinalmosteverystate.
J)Astheworld'sfoodsecurityfallstopieces,individualcountriesactingintheirownself-interestareactuallyworseningthetroublesofmany.Thetrendbeganin2007,whenleadingwheat-exportingcountriessuchasRussiaandArgentinalimitedorbannedtheirexports,inhopesofincreasinglocalfoodsuppliesandtherebybringingdowndomesticfoodprices.Vietnambanneditsexportsforseveralmonthsforthesamereason.Suchmovesmayeliminatethefearsofthoselivingintheexportingcountries,buttheyarecreatingpanicinimportingcountriesthatmustrelyonwhatisthenleftforexport.
K)Inresponsetothoserestrictions,grain-importingcountriesaretryingtonaildownlong-termtradeagreementsthatwouldlockupfuturegrainsupplies.Food-importanxietyisevenleadingtoneweffortsbyfood-importingcountriestobuyorleasefarmlandinothercountries.Inspiteofsuchtemporarymeasures,soaringfoodpricesandspreadinghungerinmanyothercountriesarebeginningtobreakdownthesocialorder.
L)Sincethecurrentworldfoodshortageistrend-driven,theenvironmentaltrendsthatcauseitmustbereversed.Wemustcutcarbonemissionsby80%fromtheir2006levelsby2020,stabilizetheworld'spopulationateightbillionby2040,completelyremovepoverty,andrestoreforestsandsoils.Thereisnothingnewaboutthefourobjectives.Indeed,wehavemadesubstantialprogressinsomepartsoftheworldonatleastoneofthese—thedistributionoffamily-planningservicesandtheassociatedshifttosmallerfamilies.
M)Formanyinthedevelopmentcommunity,thefourobjectiveswereseenaspositive,promotingdevelopmentaslongastheydidnotcosttoomuch.Otherssawthemaspoliticallycorrectandmorallyappropriate.Nowathirdandfarmoresignificantmotivationpresentsitself:meetingthesegoalsmaybenecessarytopreventthecollapseofourcivilization.Yetthecostweprojectforsavingcivilizationwouldamounttolessthan$200billionayear,1/6ofcurrentglobalmilitaryspending.Ineffect,ourplanisthenewsecuritybudget.
36.Themorerecentsteepclimbingrainpricespartlyresultsfromthefactthatmoreandmorepeoplewanttoconsumemeatproducts.
37.Socialorderisbreakingdowninmanycountriesbecauseoffoodshortages.
38.Ratherthansuperpowerconflict,countriesunabletocopewithfoodshortagesnowconstitutethemainthreattoworldsecurity.
39.Somepartsoftheworldhaveseensuccessfulimplementationoffamilyplanning.
40.Theauthorhascometoagreethatfoodshrtagescouldultimatelyleadtothecollapseofworldcivilization.
41.Increasingwatershortagesprovetobethebiggestobstacletoboostingtheworld'sgrainproduction.
42.Thecostforsavingourcivilizationwouldbeconsiderablylessthantheworld'scurrentmilitaryspending.
43.Tolowerdomesticfoodprices,somecountrieslimitedorstoppedtheirgrainexports.
44.Environmentalproblemsmustbesolvedtocasethecurrentglobalfoodshortage.
45.Aquarterofthisyear'sAmericangrainharvestwillbeusedtoproducebio-fuelforcars.
SectionC
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Decliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage,butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.
Thestudy,whichfollowedmorethan2,000healthyadultsbetweentheagesof18and60,foundthatcertainmentalfunctions—includingmeasuresofabstractreasoning,mentalspeedandpuzzle-solving—startedtodullasearlyasage27.
Dipsinmemory,meanwhile,generallybecameapparentaroundage37.
Ontheotherhand,indicatorsofaperson'saccumulatedknowledge—likeperformanceontestsofvocabularyandgeneralknowledge—keptimprovingwithage,accordingtofindingspublishedinthejournalNeurobiologyofAging.
Theresultsdonotmeanthatyoungadultsneedtostartworryingabouttheirmemories.Mostpeople'smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.
"Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegratingitwithone'sabilities,mayincreasethroughoutallofadulthoodiftherearenodiseases,"Salthousesaidinanewsrelease.
Thestudyincludedhealthy,educatedadultswhotookstandardtestsofmemory,reasoningandperceptionattheoutsetandatsomepointoverthenextsevenyears.
Thetestsaredesignedtodetectsubtle(细微的)changesinmentalfunction,andinvolvesolvingpuzzles,recallingwordsanddetailsfromstories,andidentifyingpatternsincollectionsoflettersandsymbols.
Ingeneral,Salthouseandhiscolleaguesfound,certainaspectsofcognition(认知能力)generallystartedtodeclineinthelate20sto30s.
Thefindingsshedlightonnormalage-relatedchangesinmentalfunction,whichcouldaidinunderstandingtheprocessofdementia(痴呆),accordingtotheresearchers.
"Byfollowingindividualsovertime,"Salthousesaid,"wegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline."
Theresearchersarecurrentlyanalyzingthestudyofparticipants'healthandlifestyletoseewhichfactorsmightinfluenceage-relatedcognitivechanges.
46.Whatisthecommonviewofmentalfunction?
A.Itvariesfrompersontoperson.B.Itweakensinone'slateryears.
C.Itgraduallyexpandswithage.D.Itindicatesone'shealthcondition.
47.Whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutmentalfunctions?
A.Somediseasesinevitablyleadtotheirdecline.
B.Theyreachapeakattheageof20formostpeople.
C.Theyarecloselyrelatedtophysicalandmentalexercise.
D.Someofthembegintodeclinewhenpeoplearestillyoung.
48.WhatdoesTimothySalthousesayaboutpeople'smindsinmostcases?
A.Theytendtodeclineinpeople'slateryears.
B.Theirflexibilitydeterminesone'sabilities.
C.Theyfunctionquitewelleveninoldage.
D.Theirfunctioningisstillapuzzletobesolved.
49.Althoughpeople'smindsmayfunctionlessflexiblyastheyage,they__.
A.maybebetteratsolvingpuzzles
B.canmemorizethingswithmoreease
C.mayhavegreaterfacilityinabstractreasoning
D.canputwhattheyhavelearntintomoreeffectiveuse
50.AccordingtoSalthouse,theirstudymayhelpus__.
A.findwaystoslowdownourmentaldecline
B.findwaystoboostourmemories
C.understandthecomplexprocessofmentalfunctioning
D.understandtherelationbetweenphysicalandmentalhealth
PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
ThemostimportantthinginthenewslastweekwastherisingdiscussioninNashvilleabouttheeducationalneedsofchildren.Theshorthand(简写)educatorsuseforthisis"pre-K"—meaninginstructionbeforekindergarten—andthebigideaistoprepare4-year-oldsandevenyoungerkidstobereadytosucceedontheirK-12journey.
Butitgetscomplicated.Theconcepthasmultipleforms,andscholarsandpolicymakersargueabouttheshape,scopeandcostoftheidealprogram.
ThefederalHeadStartprogram,launched50yearsago,hasservedmorethan30millionchildren.ItwasbasedonconceptsdevelopedatVanderbiltUniversity'sPeabodyCollegebySusanGray,thelegendarypioneerinearlychildhoodeducationresearch.
AnewPeabodystudyoftheTennesseeVoluntaryPre-Kprogramreportsthatpre-Kworks,butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgrade.Itseemstomethishighlightsqualityissuesinelementaryschoolsmorethanpre-K,andindicateslonger-termsuccessmustconnectpre-Kwithalltheotherissues,relatedtoeducatingachild.
Pre-Kiscontroversial.Somecriticssayitisaluxuryandshouldn'tbefreetofamiliesabletopay.Pre-Kadvocatesinsistitisprovenandwillsucceedifintegratedwiththerestofthechild'sschooling.Ileantowardthelatterview.
Thisis,inanycase,therightconversationtobehavingnowasMayorMeganBarrytakesoffice.Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-Kprogramming.Theimportantthingisforallofustokeepinmindtherealgoalandthelonger,biggerpicture.
Theweightoftheevidenceisonthesideofpre-Kthatearlyintervention(干预)works.Whatgovernmenthasnotyetfoundisthepoliticalwilltoputthatunderstandingintofullpracticewithasequenceofsmartschoolingthatprovidestheearlyfoundation.
Forthispurpose,ourschoolsneedboththetalentandtheorganizationtoeducateeachchildwhoarrivesattheschoolhousedoor.Someshowupready,butmanydonotatthiscriticaltimewhenyoungbrainsaredevelopingrapidly.
51.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpre-kindergarteneducation?
A.Itshouldcatertotheneedsofindividualchildren.
B.Itisessentialtoaperson'sfutureacademicsuccess.
C.Scholarsandpolicymakershavedifferentopinionsaboutit.
D.Parentsregarditasthefirstphaseofchildren'sdevelopment.
52.WhatdoesthenewPeabodystudyfind?
A.Pre-Kachievementsusuallydonotlastlong.
B.Thethirdgrademarksanewphaseoflearning.
C.Thethirdgradeiscriticaltochildren'sdevelopment.
D.Qualityhasnotbeenthetopconcernofpre-Kprograms.
53.Whendoestheauthorthinkpre-Kworksthebest?
A.Whenitisaccessibletokidsofallfamilies.B.Whenitismadepartofkids'education.
C.Whenitisnolongerconsideredaluxury.D.Whenitismadefunandenjoyabletokids.
54.WhatdowelearnaboutMayorMeganBarry?
A.Sheknowstherealgoalofeducation.B.Sheisamayorofinsightandvision.
C.Shehasoncerunapre-Kprogram.D.Sheisafirmsupporterofpre-K.
55.Whatdoestheauthorthinkiscriticaltokids'education?
A.Teachingmethod.B.Kids'interest.
C.Earlyintervention.D.Parents'involvement.
PartIVTranslation
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet2.
在山东潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化的标志。潍坊以“风筝之都“而闻名，已有将近2400年放飞风筝的历史。传说中国古代哲学家墨子用了三年时间在潍坊制作了世界上首个风筝，但放飞的第一天风筝就坠落并摔坏了。也有人相信风筝是中国古代木匠鲁班发明的。据说他的风筝用木头和竹子制作，飞了三天后才落地。
答案解析
PartIWriting
行文思路
这篇作文旨在表达对一位老师在考大学时期的帮助写的感谢信，首先引出感谢对，接着以具体的帮助事例分析，最后总结并抒发对老师的感激之情。
第一段引出感谢对象。
第二段描述具体事例。
第三段总结并抒发感情。
范文赏析
DearMrs.White,
Iamwritingtothankyouforyourhelpuponmyenteringcollege.
Ontheeveofthecollegeentranceexamination,theschoolconductedafinalmonthexamandIdidnotsowell,havingabadscore.Iwasdepressedandlostconfidenceinmyself.Ialwaysrememberthatyouspecificallyaskedmetotalkinyouroffice.Itwasthatconversationthatchangedmymind.YouencouragedmenottobediscouragedandthoughtIcouldmakemydreamcometrue.Fromthenon,youpaidattentiontomymoodeverydayandgavemesomesuggestions.Inthecollegeentranceexaminationtwomonthslater,Ididnotletyoudownandachievedgoodresults.
NowIhavebeenadmittedtoafirst-classuniversity,butIcan'tforgetyourhelp.Perhapswithoutyou,Icouldn'thavedonesowell.
Yourssincerely,
Robert
PartII听力原文及答案解析
SectionA
NewsReports
NewsReportOne
Youprobablythinkcollegestudentsareexpertsatsleeping.Butparties,preparationsfortests,personalproblemsandgeneralstresscanwreckastudent'ssleephabits,whichcanbebadforthebodyandthemind.TexasTechUniversityisevenofferingaclasscalled"ImprovingYourSleepHabits".Peoplesufferingfromsleeplossareatanincreasedriskfromobesity,psychologicalproblemsandcarcrashes.Studentswhodon'tgetenoughsleephavepoorerattendanceandlowergrades.Ontopofallthat,anewstudypublishedinthejournalLearning&Memoryfindsyou'reprobablybetteroffsleepingthanmakinglast-minutepreparationsforatest.Twohundredcollegekidsweretaughttoplaysomeunfamiliarvideogames.Subjectswholearnedthegamesinthemorninglostsomeskillswhentheyplayedagain12hourslater,buttheydidmuchbetteraftergettingagoodnight'ssleep.Soifyoureallywanttodoyourjobwell,don'tforgettogetsomesleep.
1.Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?
答案：B.Whysufficientsleepisimportantforcollegestudents.
点睛解析：主旨大意题。新闻讲述的是睡眠对大学生的影响，强调睡眠的重要性而不是如何改善睡眠习惯，故答案选B。
2.WhatisthefindingofthenewstudypublishedinthejournalLearning&Memory?
答案：D.Makinglast-minutepreparationsfortestsmaybelesseffectivethansleeping.
点睛解析：听关键词选答案。...inthejournalLearningandMemoryfindsyou'reprobablybetteroffsleepingthanmakinglast-minutepreparationsforatest.选项D是正确答案。
NewsReportTwo
Longqueues,delayedflightsandovercrowdingatairportshavebecomealmostasmuchatopicforconversationinBritainasthetraditionalcomplainingabouttheweather.Meanwhile,there'recomplaints:thepoorserviceatLondon'smajorairportsisdiscouragingforeignersfromdoingbusinessinBritain.MuchofthecriticismisdirectedattheBritishAirportsAuthority,whichrunssevenmajorairports,includingthethreemainonesservingLondon.TheCompetitionCommissionisnowtoinvestigatewhethertheBritishAirportsAuthorityneedstoselloffsomeofitsassets.Theideaisthatcompetitionbetweenrivaloperatorswouldleadtobetterserviceatairports.TheBritishAirportsAuthorityrecentlyboughtbyaSpanishcompany,saystherootcauseoftheproblemsisnottheownershipstructure,butalackofrunwayandterminalcapacity,whichisaddressingthroughaprogramofheavyinvestments.
3.WhatistheCompetitionCommissiongoingtoinvestigate?
答案：C.WhethertheBritishAirportsAuthorityshouldselloffsomeofitsassets.
点睛解析：新闻中提到TheCompetitionCommissionisnowtoinvestigatewhethertheBritishAirportsAuthorityneedstoselloffsomeofitsassets.选项C是原文重现，故选C。
4.WhatistherootcauseofthepoorserviceatBritishairportsaccordingtotheBritishAirportsAuthority?
答案：D.Lackofrunwayandterminalcapacity.
点睛解析：新闻中提到...saystherootcauseoftheproblemsisnottheownershipstructure,butalackofrunwayandterminalcapacity...，所以选项D是正确答案。
NewsReportThree
UnderthelawinMassachusetts,tobaccocompanieshavetomeasurethenicotinecontentofeverytypeofcigaretteandreporttheresults.TheDepartmentofPublicHealthinBostongathersandcarefullyexaminesthefigures,andthendrawsitsconclusion:116brandswerelookedatforthestudy.Ninety-twowerefoundtohavehighernicotineyieldsthantheydid6yearspreviously.Thebiggestincreaseistendedtobeinbrandsthatwerepopularwithyoungsmokers,thatworriestheDepartmentbecauseoftheaddictednatureofnicotine.StantonGlantz,aprofessorofmedicineinSanFranciscoexplainswhy."Theamountofnicotinedeliveredineverycigaretteis10percenthigherthanitwas6yearsago,whichmeansthatit'seasiertogethookedandhardertoquit.Thebigtobaccocompanieshavealwaysinsistedthattheyareflankwiththeircustomersaboutthedangersofsmokingandprovidethemwithenoughdetailtomakeaninformeddecision.However,noneofthemwerepreparedtocommentonthisstudyordiscussthedetailednicotinecontentoftheirproducts."
5.WhatdotobaccocompanieshavetodounderthelawinMassachusetts?
答案：A.Reportthenicotinecontentoftheircigarettes.
点睛解析：文中提到UnderthelawinMassachusetts,tobaccocompanieshavetomeasurethenicotinecontentofeverytypeofcigaretteandreporttheresults.烟草公司在马萨诸塞州的法律规定下，必须去检测每种香烟的尼古丁含量并汇报结果，故选A。
6.WhatdowelearnfromthestudybytheDepartmentofPublicHealthinBoston?
答案：A.Thebiggestincreaseinnicotinecontenttendedtobeinbrandsyoungsmokerslike.
点睛解析：原文重现，选项A与文中Thebiggestincreaseistendedtobeinbrandsthatwerepopularwithyoungsmokers...几乎一样，werepopularwith与like同义。故选A。
7.Whatdowelearnfromthenewsreportaboutthebigtobaccocompanies?
答案：C.Theywerenotpreparedtocommentonthecigarettestudy.
点睛解析：原文的最后一句提到：...noneofthemwerepreparedtocommentonthisstudyordiscussthedetailednicotinecontentoftheirproducts.选项C是该句的概括，故选C。
SectionB
Conversations
ConversationOne
M:Andyouknow...onethingthatlwanttoaskyou.It'sgreatyouhavehadthisexperienceofteachinginIndonesia.Andfollowinguponwhatyoujustmentioned,whatwouldyourecommendforstudentswhodonotliveinanEnglish-speakingcountry?And,youknow,theywanttolearn.Idon'tknowaboutperfecting,buttheywantatleasttobeabletocommunicatedecently.Howcantheygoaboutthis?
W:Yeah,it'sreallyhard.That'stherealstrugglebecause...RightnowIdoliveinHollandbutIreallydon'tsocializemuchwithDutchpeople.Andmyboyfriend'sEnglishissogoodthatwejustbasicallyspeakEnglishallthetime,soIhavetomakearealefforttopractice.There'sasmuchlisteningexposureasIwant.AllIhavetodoisturnontheTV.
M:Andreadingalso,right?
W:Yeah,reading.There'splentyIcangettoreadandlistento.Butforspeaking,therereallyisnosubstitutefortryingtospeakandusethelanguageinarelaxedatmosphere.SoIthinkthat'sreallythechallengeforpeoplewholiveinacountrywheretheirtargetlanguageisn'tspoken.Andforthat...gosh,whatwouldIdo?IfIdidn'thavepeoplehere,probably,trytofindaclub...InSwedentheyhaveareallycoolsystemcalled"studycircles",whereit'snot...it'slikeacourse,butreally,youjusthaveacourseleaderwho'stheresortofasacoachingguideandtohelpout...Andyoudon'tgetgrades,andyougojustbecauseyouwanttolearn.
8.Wheredoesthewomanliverightnow?
答案：B.Holland.
点睛解析：地点题，原文中提到：IdoliveinHollandbutIreallydon'tsocializemuchwithDutchpeople.即女士确实住在荷兰，只是不常和荷兰人交往，故选B。
9.Whatdoesthewomansayistherealchallenge?
答案：C.Learningalanguagewhereitisnotspoken.
点睛解析：原文中提到：SoIthinkthat'sreallythechallengeforpeoplewholiveinacountrywheretheirtargetlanguageisn'tspoken.选项C与题意相符。
10.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoingtolearntospeakaforeignlanguage?
答案：B.Tryingtospeakitasmuchasonecan.
点睛解析：原文中女士提到尝试去一个俱乐部练习说外语，选项C“尽可能多的去说。”与此相符，故选C。
11.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutthestudycirclesinSweden?
答案：D.Itprovidesopportunitiesforlanguagepractice.
点睛解：推理题。在对话中女士提到瑞典的学习圈，有一个人在旁边提供帮助，类似于辅导员和引导者，可推理出这种学习圈可以提供语言练习的机会。故选D。
ConversationTwo
W:OK,Nathan.Sowe'retalkingaboutdrivingandarethereanyrulesorregulationsthatyou'dliketochange?
M:I'mnotsureIwanttochangerules,butI'dlikethepolicetobestricterontherules.Likeifpeoplejumpthetrafficlights,Idon'tknowwhythereisn'tacameraatthetrafficlightstostoppeopledoingthat.Alllikespeeding,it'sveryeasytoputspeedcamerasincertainplaces.
W:Maybecarmanufacturersshouldhavesomeresponsibilityinlimitingtheirpoweroftheirengines.What'sthepointinproducinganenginethat'sbigandpowerfulenoughtogolike200km/hwhenthespeedlimitisonly100?
M:Right.ButdoyouknowtherearenospeedlimitsinGermany?
W:Peopletheredodriveresponsibly,though.Often,peoplebreaklawssimplybecausethelawsarethere.Ifthelawisn'tthere,peoplewilldrivewithintheirabilityrange.Whenyou'vegotspeedlimits,thiscreatessituationsthatactuallypresentdangersontheroad.
M:DoyouthinkGermanshavebettereducationaboutpersonalresponsibilitywhendriving?
W:Possibly,theyalsohaveverygoodcars.
M:Right.
W:Ifyou'vegotagoodcarthatcangoatahighspeedthenit'sreallynicetodothat.
M:Butstillwithcare.
W:SoIthinkit'stherestrictionthatcreatesthedangerssometimes.
M:OK.
W:Obviously,whendrivingthrougharesidentialarea,orwherethere'saschool,you'vegottohavespeedpolicemen.
M:Speedbumps.
W:Yes.Speedbumps—thosespeedbumpsthatforceyoutoslowdown.Ithinkthey'reagoodidea.
M:So,youdon'tthinkfiningpeopleisuseful?
W:Notreally,becausethepolicedon'thavetimetopoliceeverysingledriver.
12.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?
答案：D.Rulesandregulationsfordriving.
点睛解析：对话中第一句女士提到Sowe'retalkingaboutdrivingandarethereanyrulesorregulationsthatyou'dliketochange，对应选D。
13.Whatdoesthewomanthinkcarmanufacturerscoulddo?
答案：C.Makecarsthatarelesspowerful.
点睛解析：对话中女士说：也许汽车制造商应该对限制汽车引擎的功率负责，选项C与此对应。
14.WhatcanwelearnaboutpeopledrivinginGermany?
答案：A.Theytendtodriveresponsibly.
点睛解析：对话中提到Peopletheredodriveresponsibly，选项A的Theytendtodriveresponsibly与此对应，故选A。
15.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthepolicefiningdrivers?
答案：B.Itisnotuseful.
点睛解析：对话中男士对女士说So,youdon'tthinkfiningpeopleisuseful，女士回答确实没什么用，对应选项中的Itisnotuseful.“没什么用。”故选B。
SectionC
Passages
PassageOne
BehindthecashregisteratastoreindowntownSanFrancisco,SamAzarswipedhiscreditcardtopayforapackofcigarettes.Thestore'scardreaderfailedtoscanthecard'smagneticstrip.Azartriedagainandagain.Noluck!
Ascustomersbegantoqueue,Mr.Azarreachedbeneaththecounterforablackplasticbag.Hewrappedonelayeroftheplasticaroundthecardandtriedagain.Success!Thesalewascompleted.
"Idon'tknowhowitworks.Itjustdoes,"saidMr.Azarwholearnedthetrickfromanotherclerk.Verifone,thecompanythatmakesthestore'scardreader,wouldnotconfirmordenythattheplasticbagtrickworked.Butit'soneofmanylow-techfixesforhigh-techfailuresthatpeoplewithoutengineeringdegreeshavediscovered,oftenoutofdesperation,andshared.
Today'sshakyeconomyislikelytoproducemanymoresuchtricks."InpostwarJapan,theeconomywasn'tdoingsogreat,soyoucouldn'tgeteveryday-useitemslikehouseholdcleaners,"saysLisaKatayama,authorofUrawaza,abooknamedaftertheJapanesetermforcleverlifestyletipsandtricks."Sopeoplelookforwaystodowithwhattheyhad."
Today,Americansarefindingtheirowntipsandtricksforfixingmalfunctioningdeviceswithsuppliesassimpleaspaperandglue.Some,likeMr.Azar'splasticbag,areopentoargumentastohowtheywork,orwhethertheyreallyworkatall.Butmanytechhomeremediescanbeexplainedbyalittlescience.
16.WhathappenedwhenSamAzarswipedhiscreditcardtopayforhispurchase?
答案：C.Thecardreaderfailedtodothescanning.
点睛解析：原文中提到Thestore'scardreaderfailedtoscanthecard'smagneticstrip.即当他去刷卡的时候，店里的刷卡机不能刷卡的磁条，故选C。
17.HowdidSamAzarmanagetocompletethesale?
答案：A.Bycoveringthecreditcardwithalayerofplastic.
点睛解析：原文中提到Hewrappedonelayeroftheplasticaroundthecardandtriedagain.Success!“拿一层塑料裹在卡上试了一下。成功了！”选项A是该句子的同义替换，故选A。
18.Whatistoday'sshakyeconomylikelytodo?
答案：D.Producemanylow-techfixesforhigh-techfailures.
点睛解析：原文中提到：Today'sshakyeconomyislikelytoproducemanymoresuchtricks.意思为当前不稳定的经济需要更多这样的诀窍。选项D“发明更多低技术修复方法。”更符合题意。
PassageTwo
Ifyouareagraduatestudent,youmaydependonyouradvisorformanythings,includinghelpwithimprovinggrades,acquiringfinancialsupport,forminganexaminingcommitteeandgettinglettersofrecommendation.Ifyouareagraduateteachingassistant,youradvisoralsomaybeyour"boss".
Academicdepartmentsvaryintheirproceduresforassigningacademicadvisorstograduatestudents.Insomedepartments,eitherthechairmanorthedirectorofgraduatestudiesservesforatleastasemesterasanewstudent'sadvisor.Thenthestudentselectsanadvisor,basedonsharedacademicinterests.
Inotherdepartments,anewstudentisassignedafacultyadvisorbasedonsomesystemofdistributionofthedepartment's"advisingload".Later,studentsmayhavetheopportunityofselectingtheadvisorthattheyprefer.
Inanycase,newgraduatestudentscanlearnwhotheiradvisorsortemporaryadvisorsarebyvisitingoremailingthedepartmentaloffice,andaskingfortheinformation.
Graduationrequirementsspecifythenumberofcreditsyoumustearn,theminimumgradepointaverageyoumustachieve,andthedistributionofcreditsyoumusthavefromamongdifferentdepartmentsorfieldsofstudy.Inaddition,itisnecessaryto"applyforgraduation"whenyou'renearthetimethatyou'llbecompletingyourgraduationrequirements.Sincegraduationrequirementsvaryamongdivisionsoftheuniversity,youshouldconsulttheBulletinofInformation.Youshouldalsodirectyourquestionstoyourdepartmentalofficeoracademicadvisor.
19.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheproceduresforassigningacademicadvisors?
答案：D.Theyvaryamongdifferentdepartments.
点睛解析：原文中提到Academicdepartmentsvaryintheirproceduresforassigningacademicadvisorstograduatestudents.“不同的系分配导师给学生的程序都不一样”。所以选D。
20.Howcannewgraduatestudentslearnwhotheiradvisorsare?
答案：C.Bycontactingthedepartmentaloffice.
点睛解析：原文中提到...byvisitingoremailingthedepartmentaloffice...通过直接拜访或发邮件的方式到系办公室，选项C是该信息的同义替换，故选C。
21.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutgraduationrequirements?
答案：A.Theyspecifythenumberofcreditsstudentsmustearn.
点睛解析：原文中提到Graduationrequirementsspecifythenumberofcreditsyoumustearn...选项A属于原文重现，故选A。
PassageThree
JodyHubbardisadietandnutritionexpertwhotravelsaroundthestatetospeakinmiddleandhighschools.Sheprimarilyspeakstostudentsinhealthclasses,butsometimestheschoolwillarrangeforhertospeaktoseveraldifferentgroupsofgirls.HerbiggestconcernistheemphasisAmericancultureplacesonthinnessandthenegativewaysoftheseaffectedgirlstoday.JodyhasaPh.D.innutrition,butmoreimportantly,shehaspersonalexperience—hermothertaughthertodietwhenshewasonly8yearsold.
Jodyhascreatedseveraldifferentpresentationswhichshegivestodifferenttypesofaudiences,andshetriestoestablishanemotionalconnectionwiththestudentssothattheywillfeelcomfortableaskingquestionsortalkingtoherprivately.Sheshowsthempicturesandimagesfrompopularcultureofbeautifulwomenandexplainshowcomputersareusedtomakethewomenlookevenmorethinand"beautiful"thantheyareinreallife.Shedescribeshowthedefinitionofbeautyhaschangedovertheyearsandevenfromculturetoculture.Shethentalksabouthealthissuesandthephysicaldamagethatcanoccurasaresultofdieting.Fnally,sheaddressesself-respectandthenotionthataperson'ssenseofbeautymustincludemorethanhowmuchapersonweighs.
Sometimes,Jodyfeelsthatshesucceedsinpersuadingsomestudentstostopdieting;othertimes,shefeelsthatshefails.
22.WhodoesJodyHubbardprimarilyspeakto?
答案：B.Studentsinhealthclasses.
点睛解析：原文中Sheprimarilyspeakstostudentsinhealthclasses...，选项B是属于该信息的原文重现，故为正确答案。
23.WhatisJodyHubbard'sbiggestconcernaboutAmericanculture?
答案：D.Itsoveremphasisonthinness.
点睛解析：原文中提到HerbiggestconcernistheemphasisAmericancultureplacesonthinnessandthenegativewaysofthisaffectsgirlstoday.选项D属于该信息的原文重现，故为正确答案。
24.WhydoesJodyHubbardshowpicturesofbeautifulwomentoheraudiences?
答案：C.Toexplainhowcomputerimagescanbemisleading.
点睛解析：原文中提到Sheshowsthempicturesandimages...explainshowcomputersareusedtomakethewomenlookevenmorethinand"beautiful"thantheyareinreallife.选项C的computerimagescanbemisleading与此信息相符，故选C。
25.WhatisJodyHubbard'smainpurposeingivingherspeeches?
答案：A.Topersuadegirlstostopdieting.
点睛解析：原文最后两句提到她有时觉得自己成功说服了女生停止节食，有时又觉得自己失败了，可推理出她的主要目的是劝女生不要节食，所以选A。
PartIII阅读答案及解析
SectionA
26.provide
点睛解析：空格处应为动词，且与后面的to连用，所以答案是provide。
27.abandoned
点睛解析：根据空格前的feel可知，空格处应为形容词，abandoned“遗弃的”，advanced“先进的，提前的”，frequent“频繁的”，能与feel搭配的只能是abandoned。
28.frequent
点睛解析：空格处修饰名词contact，所以为形容词，frequentcontact意为“频繁的联系”。
29.merely
点睛解析：空格处为副词，修饰havingcontact，merely“不过，仅仅”，understandably“可理解地”，unrealistically“不现实地”，merely符合语境。
30.biased
点睛解析：空格处为形容词，作表语，biased意为“有偏见的”，可修饰research，与前面的研究相呼应。
31.dependent
点睛解析：空格处为形容词，作宾语olderpeople的补足语。dependent“依赖的”，符合语境。
32.dampens
点睛解析：空格处为动词，该句子中的主语是poorhealth，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，dampen“使消沉，抑制”，符合语境。
33.commitment
点睛解析：空格处与religious连用，与and前的childrearingpractices并列，所以空格处为名词。commitment“委托，托付”，fulfillment“满足”，chances“机会，可能性”，religiouscommitment更符合语境。
34.understandably
点睛解析：空格处为副词，修饰动词cause，understandably“可理解地”，unrealistically“不现实地”，空格所在句子的意思是：在这种事情上的分歧____产生问题，排除unrealistically。
35.chances
点睛解析：空格处在句子中作主语，名词可以作主语，chancesarethat是固定用法，即“机会是，可能……”。
SectionB
36.F
点睛解析：题干与F段中...agrowingnumberofpeoplewantingtomoveupthefoodchaintoconsumehighlygrain-intensivemeatproducts...相对应。
37.A
点睛解析：题干信息是A段中...foodshortagescouldbringdownnotonlyindividualgovernmentsbutalsoourglobalcivilization.的同义表述。
38.C
点睛解析：题干信息与C段中的最后一句Inthe20thcenturythemainthreattointernationalsecuritywassuperpowerconflict;todayitisfailingstates.相呼应。
39.L
点睛解析：题干与L段的最后一句Indeed,wehavemadesubstantialprogressinsomepartsoftheworld...thedistributionoffamily-planningservices...相呼应。
40.B
点睛解析：题干与B段中的...theworldfoodeconomyforcesmetoconcludethatsuchacollapseispossible.相对应。
41.H
点睛解析：H段主要讲述的是水资源的匮乏对农作物产量的影响，与题干相对应。
42.M
点睛解析：M段的最后提到：Yetthecostweprojectforsavingcivilizationwouldamounttolessthan$200billionayear,1/6ofcurrentglobalmilitaryspending.与题干相符。
43.J
点睛解析：J段中提到：Thetrendbeganin2007,whenleadingwheat-exportingcountriessuchasRussiaandArgentinalimitedorbannedtheirexports,inhopesofincreasinglocalfoodsupplies...与题干相符。
44.L
点睛解析：L段第一句提到：Sincethecurrentworldfoodshortageistrend-driven,theenvironmentaltrendsthatcauseitmustbereversed，该信息与题干相对应。
45.G
点睛解析：G段中的Afourthofthisyear'sU.S.grainharvestwillgotofuelcars.与题干对应。
SectionC
46.C
点睛解析：根据第一段第一句的前半句Decliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage...可知，选项C是正确答案。
47.D
点睛解析：第一段中...butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.描述了新研究的发现。
48.C
点睛解析：第五段中Mostpeople'smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.对题目作出了解释。
49.D
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位至第六段，选项D是对该段的高度概括。
50.A
点睛解析：文章倒数第二段的结尾提到：...wegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline.与选项A中的findwaystoslowdownourmentaldecline相对应。
51.C
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位至第二段，该段中提到：Theconcepthasmultipleforms,andscholarsandpolicymakersargueabout...，选项C是对该信息的概括。
52.A
点睛解析：根据题干中的newPeabody可定位至第四段，该段中提到：...reportsthatpre-Kworks,butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgrade.意味着不会持续很长时间，选A。
53.B
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位至第五段，该段中Pre-Kadvocatesinsistitisprovenandwillsucceedifintegratedwiththerestofthechild'sschooling.与选项B相对应。
54.D
点睛解析：第六段中提到Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-Kprogramming.选项A、B和C在文中没有体现。选D。
55.C
点睛解析：选项A、B和D在文中均没有明显体现，而选项C中的Earlyintervention与文中倒数第二段的earlyintervention(干预)works相对应。
PartIVTranslation
InWeifang,Shandong,kitesarenotonlytoys,butalsoasymbolofthecity'sculture.Weifangisfamousforthe"kitecapital",whichhasanearly2,400-yearhistoryofkiteflying.ThereisalegendthatancientChinesephilosopherMo-tsespentthreeyearsmakingtheworld'sfirstkiteinWeifang,butitcrashedandbrokewhenflyingonthefirstday.ItisalsobelievedthatthekitewasinventedbyLuBan,anancientChinesecarpenter.Itissaidthathiskitewasmadeofwoodandbamboo.Ittookthreedaystoflytotheground.